Gender Roles And Femininity Susan Glaspell s One Act Play

Gender Roles and Femininity In Susan Glaspell’s one-act play Trifles, the women become more privy of the circumstances surrounding John Wright’s murder than their husbands who are actually conducting the investigation. In the male-centric setting of the American Midwest in the 1920’s, the play addresses gender roles by placing the emphasis on the female characters in the play. While the men are hard at work, it is the women who emerge as the protagonists. In this essay, I wish to explore the gender roles developed by Glaspell in the house of John Wright, particularly their role in the home, finding their identities, and the stereotypes portrayed in literature. The gender role motif is important to explore because it is replicated in many texts including the literature of today. First, Glaspell’s play addresses the role of women by establishing the setting in the kitchen of the household. The men in the play make it very clear that the kitchen is the woman’s responsibility by criticizing Minnie’s cleaning abilities. Because the kitchen is ideally the room set aside for women, the men spend very little time in this room and fail to thoroughly explore its contents, almost out of discomfort. The county attorney asks, â€Å"You’re convinced that there was nothing important here—nothing that would point to any motive,† and the sheriff replies, â€Å"Nothing here but kitchen things† (8). This provides the women with the opportunity to navigate through Minnie’s belongings, and thus,Show MoreRelatedTrifles, By Susan Glaspell Essay2136 Words   |  9 PagesOne striking characteristic of the 20th century was the women s movement, which brought women to the forefront in a variety of societal arenas. As women won the right to vote, achieved reproductive freedom through birth control and legalized abortion, and gained access to education and employment, Western culture began to examine its long-held views about women in a world controlled by male dominance while developing their individual personalities. However, before the women’s movement of the 20th

Achievement Gap Of Native Americans - 1940 Words

Bailey Mahler Professor Parent Social Anthropology 12 December 2016 Achievement Gap of Native Americans in the United States The oppression of people is often thought of as a political inequality. There are various forms of oppression. The forms of oppression typically thought of are violence and exploitation. However, as a society America does not see the oppression created by a lack of education that happens throughout schools. Education is a tool required for societies to advance. Lack of advancements caused by this oppression has the ability to stunt a community. Without proper education, Native Americans cannot leave this vicious cycle of oppression they face. (Congress, Chairman Rokita 2015). Native Americans are known to have the highest unemployment rates as well as the highest poverty rate. They are also known as the most educationally oppressed race in America. (U.S. Census, 2012a, 2012b). The achievement gap of Native Americans continues to widen, as the achievement gaps between other races decrease. Other forms of oppression, such as the government oppression in education, oppression of we alth (monetarily and resources) in education, and cultural oppression in education all contribute to the achievement gap of Native Americans. However, there are various solutions arising in attempt to lessen the Achievement Gap. The Achievement Gap is a term that represents the difference of academic success in certain groups of students such as race, gender, andShow MoreRelatedThe Hidden Truths Behind The Education System1300 Words   |  6 Pagessystem. Everyday minorities are deprived of education because of low income to afford school and other various reason. These reasons extend to that lack family support, demographics and being from foreign countries and not speaking the native language. Achievement gap goes all the way back to slavery. It shows how minorities were never on top and were never seen as equal their superiors. In today’s society’s minority’s feel like they are owed for what people from back then had done to them. Some peopleRead MoreThe Impact Of Psychological Slavery On Attachment And Trust Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesTrust in the Intimate Relationship between African-American Men and Women By Sametta Hill Argosy University Twin Cities Date Committee Chair (degrees) Committee Member (degrees) â€Æ' Table of Contents â€Æ' Research Question What is the effect of Psychological slavery on attachment and trust in the intimate relationship between the African-American male and female? Introduction Most research studies today explains the relational problems of African-American couples inability to stay together in terms of contemporaryRead MoreRacial Inequality And Its Effects On A Student s Development850 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment. People of color are more likely to be born into poverty than their white counterparts. In 2013, only 11% of Asian Americans and Whites lived below or at the poverty line. In contrast to 18% for Pacific Islanders lived below or at the poverty line, 21% of Hispanics, 22% of Blacks and 25% of Native Americans. (Museus, Ledesma, Parker, 2015). Though Asian Americans experienced less poverty than any other ethnic group there were drastic disparities within their communities . Poverty can affectRead MoreThe Achievement Gap Between Minority And Nonminority Children974 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Addressing the Achievement Gap Between Minority and Nonminority Children by Increasing Access to Gifted Programs,† by Paula Olszewski-Kubilius, Seon-young Lee, and Mephie Ngoi, â€Å"The most significant educational problem in the U.S. is the fact that the achievement of minority children lags behind that of non-minority children† (Kubilius 2004). In another article called â€Å"B ridging the minority achievement gap,† by Edmund W. Gordon, it’s said that â€Å"although African-American, Hispanic, and Native American childrenRead MoreThe Achievement Gap1119 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education sector, the achievement gap delineates the observed disparity in school performance among student groups. This gap is manifested in measures such as test scores, grades, college completion and dropout rates, and selection of courses. Within the U.S. context, the achievement gap has often been used to refer to the worrying performance disparities between Latinos and African-Americans on one hand and their non-Hispanic white counterparts on the other. The gap also describes academic differencesRead MoreImproving Student Academic Achievement Gap908 Words   |  4 PagesThe achievement gap is unfortunately the disparity in academic performance of groups of students. The achievement gap has affected students for many years from grades, standardized tests, cours e selection, and dropout rates. Researchers studied and assessed the measures that exist in academic performance to validate this term we know as the â€Å"Achievement Gap†. Why are we still talking about the achievement gap in the 21st century? Researchers and public policy officials are examining the dimensionsRead MoreTexas Schools and DIversity Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2007-2008, Texas schools had a large ethnic distribution of students. Specifically, African American students made up 14.3% of the overall student population; the Hispanic student population was 47.2%; and 34.8% of the student population was White. The smallest groups represented included Native American and Asian/Pacific Islanders with Native American students and teachers representing only 0.3% of students (Texas Education Agency, 2009). According to demographic projections, minority populationsRead MoreThe Education System Of Polk County Public Schools1370 Words   |  6 Pagesracial makeu p: White 66.3 percent, Black 15 percent, Hispanic 17.7 percent, Asian 1 percent, Native American less than 1 percent, Pacific Islander less than 1 percent. The district includes 158 principals and about 240 assistant principals (â€Å"Diversity Management†, 2012). Based on the demographics, it can be assumed that instructional leaders need assistance with programs that can increase student achievement for the diverse groups in their school (â€Å"Diversity Management†, 2012). Potential ProblemRead MoreA Brief Note On Spy And Racial Inequity Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pagesa stratified, limiting society in indirect ways. Throughout my history courses, I learned that explorers and settlers enculturated the savage Indians. Textbooks emphasized how whites built their wonderful communities after ridding the land of Native-American influence. 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Management and Cost Accounting Decision †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Management and Cost Accounting Decision. Answer: Introduction: This report has been prepared to analyze the financial performance, position and the profitability state of the company, HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC. In this report, the financial statement of the HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC has been analyzed along with the financial statement of its competitive company, INDIVIOR PLC. Study of ratio analysis has been performed to analyze and identify the financial performance of the company so that a better report could be presented to the board of directors of the company. Being a financial director, all the financial aspect of the company has been investigated and a better financial report has been prepared accordingly. HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC is a global pharmaceutical organization which is based in the London market. This company manufactures non branded and branded generic products. This company has been founded in Jordan in 1978. Currently, it is listed in the London Stock Exchange. This company has its operations in various countries and the market base and the share of the company is continuously enhancing. According to the reports and the articles of the company, it has been evaluated that the company share and the revenue is continuously enhancing (Home, 2017). The vision and the goals of the company depict that the company is required to manage the strategic acquisition and the organic growth to manage and develop the business and sustain the high level of responsibility and the ethics which are quite central to the manner we administer. Further, the study has been performed over the financial statement and the liquidity position, profitability position, solvency position and efficiency position of the company. For analyzing the performance of the company, it is required to manage and identify the ratio analysis of the company. The ratio analysis of the company is as follows: Through the above analysis over the key financial ratios of the company, it has been expressed that the current financial position of the company is average. Various changes have taken place into the performance and the position of the company. More, the position of the company has also been changed (Morningstar, 2017). The current performance and the position of the company express that the position of the company is bit better from last 5 years in the market. Profitability, earnings and dividends: By looking at the profitability ratios, it has found that various changes have taken place into the performance and the position of the company. More, the position of the company has also been changed. In 2010, the operating margin of the company was 45.20% and consequently, in 2016, it has become 50.56%. This depict that various changes have taken place into the operations and the activities of the company such as the expenses on marketing, sales and general administration has been enhanced in current year as well as the company has invested huge amount on research to manage the performance of the company. The given chart depict that the operating profit of both the companies are very different from each other. In HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS, the operating profit has enhanced but with various fluctuations whereas the operating profit of the INDIVIOUR PLC is enhancing continuously (Home, 2017). Further, it has also been found that various internal and external factors have impacted over th e position and the performance of the company. Further, the study has been performed over the earnings of the company and it explained that the position and the performance of the company is enhancing continuously of both the companies. Through the analysis and below given chart, it found that numerous alternations have taken place into HIKMA PHARAMCEUTICALS LIMITED which have impacted over the earnings of the company. The analysis explains that the earnings of the HIKMA PHARAMCEUTICALS LIMITED is average whereas the earings of he INDIVIOUR have been enahnced videly. Lastly, the dividends and the stuructre of the company has been analyzed to identify the posiiton and the performace of the company as well as it has also been analyzed that what dividend policies are performed by the company. The given figures explains that the company has paid enough dividend accoridng to the performance and he position of the company (Elton, Gruber, Brown and Goetzmann, 2009). Cash Flows From Financing Activities 2016 2015 2014 Debt issued 816000000 5290100000 246000000 Debt repayment -663000000 -361000000 -121000000 Common stock issued 1000000 Common stock repurchased Dividend paid -77000000 -64000000 -55000000 Other financing activities -57000000 -28000000 -40000000 Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities 19000000 77000000 30000000 According to the above evaluation and the study, it has been evaluated that the HIKMA PHARAMCEUTICALS LIMITED is performing well in the market but the increment rate of the company is bit lower than the other competetive comapnies. Current report and financial data of the company explains that the cash flow position of the company has been lower (Morningstar, 2018). Thus, it has been originated that company is required to make various chnages such as invetsment into such opportunities where huge return could be got and manage the cash flow in an efficienct way to become better in the market. Financial stability and liquidity: Further, the study has been performed over the financial data of the company of last 5 years to analyze and identify the position of the company in terms of liquidity and operations of the company. Through the analysis and study, it has been originated that the liquid position of the company has been changed in last 5 years. Through the analysis, it has also been found that the current ratio position of the company has been entered and despite all the financial crisis and fluctuations in the economy, HIKMA has managed to set a better position of the liquidity of the company (Drury, 2013). Further, it has also been analyzed that the position of the liquidity of the company is bit better than the position and liquidity performance of the competitive company, currently, the current ratio of the company is 1.58 which depict that the position is quite competitive and company is able to pay back all the debts at any time. Further, the quick ratio of the company also depict that the position and the performance has been changed in last 5 years. Further, it has also been found that the quick ratio position of the company has been changed and despite all the financial crisis and fluctuations in the economy, HIKMA has managed to set a better position of the liquidity of the company. Further, it has also been analyzed that the position of the liquidity of the company is bit better than the position and liquidity performance of the competitive company, currently, the quick ratio of the company is 1.08 which depict that the position is quite competitive and company is able to pay back all the quick debts at any time. More, the position of the efficiency and solvency position of the company has been analyzed to identify the position and the performance of the company in last 5 years and with the comparison of the competitor position. Through the analysis over both the position of the company, it has been found that the company is performing way better from last 5 years. The ratios depict that the position of the company is becoming better and company is performing well to manage all the functions and features of the company (Deegan, 2013). Through the analysis, it has been evaluated that the financial position of the company is average and it depict that the position and the condition of the company is enhancing rapidly. Through the analysis over both the position of the company, it has been found that the company is performing way better from last 5 years. The ratios depict that the position of the company is becoming better and company is performing well to manage all the functions and features of the company. Further, the articles and news about the company has also been analyzed to identify the position of the company in the market and various financial changes of the company. According to the Morningstar (2017), this company is performing very well and in recent years, various positive changes have taken place into the performance of the company. Further, it has also been identified that the London stock exchange (2017) depict that the company is depicting various good positions despite of the entire financial crisis situation and the worst economic situation. According to the study of Deegan (2013), dividend payout policies of the company are quite attractive and it attracts more investors to invest into the market and enhance the position and the performance of the company. More, Home (2017) depict that this company is performing its business into various other countries as well t enhance the market share as well as the profitability position of the company. The vision and the goals of the company depict that the company is required to manage the strategic acquisition and the organic growth to manage and develop the business and sustain the high level of responsibility and the ethics which are quite central to the manner we administer (Morningstar, 2017). According to the financial statement of the company, the position and the sales revenue of the company is enhancing rapidly and depicts that the position of the company would be better in near future (Damodaran, 2011). Corporate governance: Further, the study has been done over the corporate governance policies of the HIKMA PHARAMCEUTICALS LIMITED to analyze the psoition of the in the society as well as in the market. Through the report, it has been evaluated that the company is having a great knowldgge and the strategies about the ethics, code of cnduct, quality services, betteremnt of the society etc to manage the position of the company in the market. The vision and the goals of the company depict that the company is required to manage the strategic acquisition and the organic growth to manage and develop the business and sustain the high level of responsibility and the ethics which are quite central to the manner we administer (Damodaran, 2011). According to the evaluation over the company, the comapny has never involved in any such case in which the rights of the pubic or society get destroyed. The services and the products of the company are very competitive and offer good health to the people. This company take care the society in a good manner and follow all the rules and regulations of the government to make a better society. According to the study over the financial data of the company, it has been evaluated that the performance and the position of the company is enhancing average in the market and it depicts that the position and the performance of the company is also average. The net profit of the company has been analyzed according to the total assets of the company. Through the analysis over the company, it has been originated that the Net profit of the company in consideration of the total assets is quite average (Davis.and Davis, 2011). The company is required to make various changes to maintain and manage the performance and the position of the company. The comapny is required to make various changes into the operations and the functions to manage the position of the company. Conclusion: To conclude, the company is required to make various changes to maintain and manage the performance and the position of the company. Through this analysis, it has been examined that the comapny is required to make various changes into the operations and the functions to manage the position of the company. References: Damodaran, A, 2011, Applied corporate finance,3rd edition, John Wiley and sons, USA Davies, T. and Crawford, I., 2011.Business accounting and finance. Pearson. Davis, C. E.and Davis, E., 2011, Managerial accounting, John Wiley Sons, USA. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DRURY, C. M. 2013. Management and cost accounting. Springer. Elton, E.J., Gruber, M.J., Brown, S.J., and Goetzmann, W.N. 2009. Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. John Wiley and Sons. Home. 2017. HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC. Retrieved from https://www.hikma.com/en/index.html available as on 15th Nov 2017. Home. 2017. INDIVIOR PLC. Retrieved from https://www.indivior.com/ available as on 15th Nov 2017. London stock exchange. 2017. HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC. Retrieved from https://www.londonstockexchange.com/exchange/prices-and-markets/stocks/summary/company-summary/GB00B0LCW083GBGBXSTMM.html available as on 15th Nov 2017. Morningstar. 2017. HIKMA PHARMACEUTICALS PLC. Retrieved from https://performance.morningstar.com/stock/performance-return.action?t=HIKregion=gbrculture=en-US available as on 15th Nov 2017. Morningstar. 2017. INDIVIOR PLC. Retrieved from https://financials.morningstar.com/cash-flow/cf.html?t=INDVregion=gbrculture=en-US available as on 15th Nov 2017.

International Organization in Global Environment Ford

Question: Discuss about theInternational Organization in Global Environmentfor Ford. Answer: Introduction The following report is based on four different blogs derived from the e-learning activities. The first blog discusses about Ford and Taylorism. The e-learning activities help to learn how scientific management theory developed by Taylor shaped the work process of modern organization. Likewise, the second blog is about structure and strategy and from this e-learning activity, it is learnt that structure might not follow the strategy in all cases. Similarly, last blog is about Holacracy; based on the concept of Holcracy, it is learnt from the e-learning activity that each individual in the organization has the right to apply his or her own ideas. In addition, the management plays a big role in protecting those ideas. The ideas and key concepts are derived from the e-learning activities and thereafter, those ideas are implemented to the real context. Ford and Taylorism Listing the key ideas from the prescribed e-learning activity From the e-learning activities, it is observed that Taylor developed a number of management and organizational theories that led to significant breakthrough in business practices. With the help of a stopwatch as the primary tool, Taylor applied time and motion studies to investigate the work. Taylor developed the calculation about how long each discreet motion took, and then recombined and rebuilt to decrease all wasted motions (Spender and Kijne 2012). As the consequence, Taylor achieved significant gains in productivity by that time. Thus, it is identified that since that era, the ranges of industrial manufacturing have increased exceptionally across the world. The idea developed by Taylor dramatically contributed to the modern methods of mass production as well as structural firm. The e-learning activity also helps to learn that the core principles of scientific management theory of Taylor was about the fact that individual workers could be more productive, if they are assigned wi th the job that suit their capabilities as well as strength (Tadajewski and Jones 2012). In addition, time study department at Ford Motor Company had efficient workers with stopwatches working to examine the work process and decrease the wasteful motion. However, e-learning activity also helps to learn that in order to make some amendments in the strategy, Ford came up with a revolutionary idea that brought in the quintessential expression of scientific management. Thus, instead of taking workers to the work, teams of workers go to work spot as well as build a car successively. The new paradigm divided the work process into some small constitutes parts. Applying to those Ideas to Real Context The e-learning activity helps to observe how Taylor broke down the work process with the help of scientific management theory. It is true that scientific management theory of Taylor helped the modern business to gain the mass production. However, the business industry in the recent time has become more dynamic due to the changing needs of external environment. Especially, the business industry in Australia and America focus develops the strategies on a more frequent basis instead of applying a long-term strategy. The manufacturing industries in Australia and America are more concerned with the employee needs and demand. Even though, Taylors scientific management theory offered the process of eliminating physical demand of factory labor, it has increased the mental pressure due to the repetition of work as well as labor of implementing the same task many times. I worked for two and half years in a private grocery firm called Mulberry as an assistant production manager, I have observed that employees do not intend to implement the same work; they rather use the experience to a new task. Employees look for promotion instead of sticking to same type of task. In addition to this, in the context of a Call Centre, the idea of assigning the work to the people based on their capabilities is adaptable to some extent. However, eve the employees in Call Centre do not prefer to stick to the position; they look for senior position where they could apply their knowledge. Structure and Strategy The e-learning activity helps to learn that in the time of economic turbulence, the disruptive technology, globalization fierce competition are strongly affecting the organization. The strategy of Yves Moriex is a senior partner as well as managing directors in BCG. The speech of Yves helps to learn that it is essential for many leaders to adapt to dynamic conditions to boost the performance of the company. By deriving intensive organizational reviews, the company leaders could change the route of their business (Vine 2016). From the e-learning activity, it is also learnt that the organizations in the corporate environment could be vague. Based on the prescribed e learning, it can be mentioned that organizational structure could influence the strategies. Though Yves Moriex claims that structure can be influenced by the organizational culture, this concept is not applicable to cases. In some particular cases, the strategies could follow the organizational culture; this happens due to the poor organizational governance. Holacracy Holacracy is the committee management that emphasises the experimentation process. The current business world is associated with the innovations and advancements. The leaders encourage the employees to bring experimental process in the organisational functionalities. The CEO of Silicon valley has been looking forward to provide the proper protection to the employees for experimenting with the effective ideas. The concept is renowned as holacracy. The information derived from the reading explains that sometimes, the holacracy process signifies the centralisation power, which is suffocating the innovation process. The frequent changes in the current world are much flexible and thus ensuring more threats to the process. The management level does not interfere in this process and the employees take the autonomy to bring innovative ideas and experimentations. Despite of the autonomy process in the holacracy management, the CEO still pays the closer attention to the necessities of the empl oyees (Greenfield 2015). It is noted that the traditional business method is focusing on organising the social events and design the new marketing strategy. On the other hand, the holcracy process brings the new ideas to make the functions miscellaneous. In Zapposs holacracy, it was noted that the typical call centre worker planned up the events and social lunch menu for maintaining the proper corporate social responsibility (Van De Kamp 2014). Conclusion The above-discussed learning activities help to observe that each idea found in the blogs have relevance to the real world context. This means in some particular cases, theory of scientific management can be applied when the organizations have to deal with the massive production. However, in small and medium size organizations might not apply this theory. Likewise, te the concept structure follows strategy is also not relevant to all context as due to poor governance in the company could affect the culture strategy. Reference Spender, J.C. and Kijne, H. eds., 2012.Scientific Management: Frederick Winslow Taylors Gift to the World?. Springer Science Business Media. Tadajewski, M. and Jones, D.B., 2012. Scientific marketing management and the emergence of the ethical marketing concept.Journal of Marketing Management,28(1-2), pp.37-61. Vine, N., 2016.How Can We Make This Happen?: Successful Change Through Incentives and Trust. Trenchant Books. Greenfield, R., 2015. Zappos CEO Tony Hsieh: Adopt Holacracy or Leave.Fast Company. Van De Kamp, P., 2014. HolacracyA radical approach to organizational design.Elements of the Software Development Process-Influences on Project Success and Failure. University of Amsterdam, pp.13-26.

The Human Race free essay sample

The human race is actually quite strange. We do so many things on a day-to-day basis without actually questioning it. For example, imagine visiting Earth for the first time to find strange beings just slapping their hands together simultaneously.â€Å"Wow, thanks guys. I feel really honoured that I was able to make you basically hit yourself a couple times for me.† Do you get why that’s pretty weird? If you haven’t realised already, I’m talking about clapping. Did someone just decide that that was a great way of showing others that you like something and everyone else was like â€Å"Sure, why not?† It sure does seem like it; especially as the entire population seems to mutually know what it is.But that’s not all. What’s make me question everything even more is sleeping. You’re either wondering how sleeping could possibly be abnormal or you know exactly where I’m going with this. We will write a custom essay sample on The Human Race or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We literally lay down at a certain time, on a specific assigned man-made item, wearing special clothes (that are actually normal clothes but we have decided to give it a new name) and then, we close our eyes, pretending to be asleep, until we actually succumb into darkness. Yes, I know that’s very melodramatic but you can’t deny that it’s at least partially true. Also, who even decided that sleeping was a night-time task?Look I get that there are probably scientific explanations behind everything. This research has practically become guidelines to the daily lives of us humans. It has corrupted every mother that refuses to let their â€Å"precious little cinnamon roll† of a teen to step outside and be rebellious. Which in their case always seems to be not wearing a coat. â€Å"Wait dear where are you going without a coat? Have you heard the news, scientists have found that a dangerous virus is spreading in Africa. Don’t want you to be affected.† Mum, in case you haven’t realised yet, it’s the middle of the summer right now. Also, that’s in Africa!Don’t get me wrong, it is fascinating but, every once in a while, we all have the right to question the world. That’s what got us to where we are now, isn’t it?

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Characteristics and Comparison

Quantitative and Qualitative Research Characteristics and Comparison Quantitative research is the systematic experimental study of social phenomena using scientific, statistical or mathematical and computational procedures.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Characteristics and Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Measurement forms the backbone of quantitative research since it offers a link between empirical examination and mathematical expression of relationships. The main objective in this design is developing and using mathematical models, hypotheses and theories in relation to phenomena. Qualitative research is the process of gathering data based on the importance of observations through a systematic, thorough inquiry into a problem, situation or a society with the aim of generating new facts or authenticating the existing knowledge. In this research the phenomena under study are hard to measure mathematically such as attitudes, beliefs , meanings, attributes and culture. Therefore, it is the analysis, assessment and interpretation of observations in determining the fundamental significance and nature of phenomena, relationships and units without using mathematical models. Characteristics of quantitative research Methods and measurements Quantitative research uses several methods such as surveys and questionnaires, experiments in case controlled studies as well as tracking and cohort studies. Surveys and questionnaires enable the researchers to place numerical values on opinions or attributes. Experiments in case controlled studies enable one to control environmental factors under study. Cohort studies involve placing people of the same characteristics in a cohort and then measuring the changes in comparison to the control, group. Basically this design is based on numbers and figures that are less in-depth but broad in information on a number of cases. The responses for the data have fixed options for instance in questionnaires. Use of statistics Quantitative research applies statistical tests and methods such as data collection, data recording, and formulation of hypothesis which is based on theories. Causal relationships are also established using mathematical tools. Correlation analysis for instance is mostly applied in measuring causality.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Objective Quantitative research offers experimental effects that are interpreted by the researchers of a situation, problem or project. This is mainly because it is based on facts obtained from surveys or interviews or questionnaires from the respondents. Additionally, in this design the research is independent of what is being researched. The findings of the research can be valid and accurate depending on the instrument or measurement device being used. Deductive Quantitative research involves a confirmato ry or â€Å"top down† scientific technique which is used primarily for explanation, description, and prediction. A deductive procedure is used to test pre-stated models, constructs, and hypotheses that forms the structure of a theory Characteristics of qualitative research Design strategies Qualitative research uses naturalistic inquiry, emergent design flexibility and purposeful sampling. Naturalistic inquiry involves having no predetermined limitations on findings and studying the real situations as they occur without controlling them. Emergent design flexibility involves being open to adjusting inquiry as situations change or get deeper. Purposeful sampling involves selecting population that is rich in information like cultures, communities, events, organizations and so on to get the insight of the phenomenon. Data collection and fieldwork strategies Qualitative research focuses on personal experience and engagement, qualitative data, mindfulness and emphatic neutrality, dynamic systems and an inside view with an objective mind. These are necessary to ensure in-depth information which is objective and valid is obtained even in sensitive circumstances. Methods: Qualitative research uses methods like focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, ethnography, observation and review of documents on the theme. The information is text based and has greater detailed information based on few cases. The responses do not have fixed options since they can be structured or semi-structured. Subjective Facts in this design are based on the description of a problem or situation according to those experiencing it. Therefore the validity, precision and reliability of the data rely on the skill or expertise of the researcher and the willingness and reliability of the source.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Quantitative and Qualitative Research: Characteristics and Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Comparison Qualitative and quantitative research differ in a number of ways including; methods of data collection and fieldwork strategies, nature of data collected, design strategies as well as situations in which they can be used. Qualitative research is used in complex situations that require deep and qualitative data. It is also applicable in abstract situations like studying culture and behavior in which case cannot be quantified. However, these two designs more often than not serve to complement one another. Qualitative research can be seen as the precursor of quantitative research because it produces probable guides and innovations to formulate a practical and testable hypothesis. The hypothesis can then be expansively tested and scientifically examined, through standard quantitative research techniques.

Communications Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Communications - Coursework Example The movement of structuralism is closely connected to the study of signs and symbols and how individuals created meanings of these signs and symbols. The movement of structuralism is said to have been originated in the theories of Ferdinand de Saussure during the early period of the 1900s (Berger, 2006, p.20). Saussure was the one who developed signs and symbols and believed that all languages constitute of difficult system of symbols and these symbols help in expressing ideas and there are certain regulations that are governing the way these symbols are used. He asserted that any particular symbol is a matter of chance and a link does not exist between a word and the meaning attached to it. For example: the word â€Å"dog† does not signify an image of an animal. Structuralism even states that a literary piece of work has zero origin and the individual authoring a piece of literary work simply occupies an already existing language which assists him/her in created sentences for his/her story. 2. Culler states that society is a primary reality, by this statement he is entering into an argument against Ferdinand de Saussure who is of the idea that human beings are the ones who have created society and the society itself was not created first (Berger, 2006, p.14). Basically, Culler is entering into a chicken and egg debate in which the issue is whether chicken created eggs or the eggs created chicken. Culler is arguing that it was not the humans who created the society, and society preceded human beings. Culler states that the society is not an outcome of behaviors conducted by human beings and is not demonstration of the human mind. Culler even stated that if an individual wants to conduct a study on human behavior and wants to analyze human behavior, he/she should first study the society and he even added that meanings are derived when an individual interacts with the society and thus they should be explained in the context of the society. Culler has raise d a significant debate against the assumptions of structuralism, this is because if the society would not have existed human beings would not have learned how to interpret the meaning of a specific sign or object and this is because the meaning of science do not evolve out of nowhere, they are created by the society. The society is very important for the development of communication as due to its existence, humans learn how to speak and write and learn meanings of different signs and symbols. 3. The patterns in which stories and speeches are narrated and told are a huge field of study and one of the greatest theorists who contributed to this study was William Labov during 1972 (Berger, 2006, p.40). According to Labov there are six steps if story telling starting from abstract in which an overview of the story is provided. For example: In a recent speech on animal behavior I attended, the speaker started by proving an overview of what he is going to talk about. Next comes the orienta tion in which the speaker informed us about which animals he is going to talk about, their behaviors at under different situations and the reasons for exhibiting that behavior. Next is the complicating action in which the speaker informed us about the events in which he will narrate the entire topic starting off with a background, concentrating on theorists and application of theories and in the end he concludes. Next he provided an evaluation of the events

Topics in Cultural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Topics in Cultural Studies - Essay Example Globally, cultures have faced colonization, which facilitated the confrontation of the non-western and western cultures (Oberg, 2010). This led to the realization that non-western cultures occurred as outposts in the colonial empires developed by Europeans. This loss of centeredness of the Native American culture led to the weakening of their traditions, political and social systems, as well as practices. This means that the European culture had immense impact on the culture of Native Americans. Native Americans occupied the vast American land before their interaction with Europeans. The natives can be considered as the indigenous or original occupants of North America. They comprised of people from distinct American ethnic and tribal groups. Despite their interactions with the Europeans and the subsequent loss of centeredness, some of the tribes and ethnic groupings survived as intact political communities (Schwab, 2010). The first contact of Europeans with Native Americans came aft er the exploration of Christopher Columbus (Oberg, 2010). Thereafter, the 15th century saw an influx of Europeans into the American continent and they brought Africans as their slaves. This led to widespread confrontations, adjustments and conflicts between the two societies. The lives of Native Americans were uncomplicated because they followed traditional practices in society and political set-ups. For instance, they lived as hunters and gatherers within well-set communities. In addition, the societies told their histories on oral traditions. In most of the groupings, women performed sophisticated cultivation of staple foods such as squash, maize and beans (Schwab, 2010). The cultures of the indigenous people were extremely dissimilar from the cultures of agrarian, proto-industrial and Christian cultures. The native cultures were matrilineal meaning that they occupied land for communal use, which included activities such as agriculture and hunting (Oberg, 2010). This differed from European cultures, which followed patriarchal trends. The European society had concepts for developing individual property rights on land. This differed from the rights and approaches of Native Americans on land. These cultural differences between the immigrant Europeans and Native Americans, and the shifting alliances between the nations led to extreme political tensions, social disruption and ethnic violence (Schwab, 2010). The natives did not only suffer a loss of centeredness in social and political activities, but they also contacted the infectious Eurasian disease, which they had not developed or acquired immunity. This epidemic led to immense loss of life for the indigenous population (Oberg, 2010). The cultural conflicts between the Europeans and the natives resulted from their differences in approaches such as religion, social practices, land and political rule. The Europeans wanted to impose a religious system on the natives. This was met with resistance from the natives because they only wanted to commit to their religious system. However, the Europeans relentlessly forced Christianity on the natives. The first European missions to encounter the natives were trappers and fur traders. The missionaries and colonists then followed them. Miner migrants and settlers began arriving later, and they heightened the

Contemporary ethical theory of Haidt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contemporary ethical theory of Haidt - Essay Example In Haidt’s paradigm, intuitions are primary in making human moral judgments; moral reasoning only does the labor of a lawyer, which provides justification for an already taken point of view. In other words, moral judgments are taken without a judge who could have weighed all considerations impartially. And, the only ones who are capable of making moral judgments based on moral reasoning are professional philosophers and such ilk. Needless to say, it is more than an elitistic argument as ordinary people too face many ethical challenges in their lives but attend them with considerable force of moral reasoning. The purpose the paper is to weigh the arguments of Haidt in favor of social intuitionism and counter-arguments by Pizarro and Bloom against each other to have better understandings of the ways moral judgment functions. Intuitions, Reasoning and Moral Judgments Haidt introduced and formulated the social intuitionist model as an alternative to the rationalist model of moral thought. He considers that intuitions as paramount in moral judgments as they are automatic affective reflexes. Moral reasoning is a chicken and egg question that attempts to find what determines moral judgments. Haidt argues that judgments are based on spontaneous intuitions while moral reasoning has only the role of justifying. In other words, moral reasoning is just the spokesperson of the moral judgments. ... Since it is social model, it cannot â€Å"deemphasizes the private reasoning done by individuals and emphasizes instead the importance of social and cultural influences† (Haidt, 814). More than moral reasoning, moral judgment takes place as a result of spontaneous intuition based evaluations. A moral judgment is often immediate and spontaneous; moral reasoning just follows it. It means after reaching at a moral judgment only, people look forward for moral reasons. Many of the laboratory researches have shown that human beings are actually governed by the forces of their unconscious when they pronounce moral judgments. Still, it is necessary to look at the role played by rational deliberations and the cognitive abilities in directing moral judgments. Moreover, people actually engage in moral reasoning while they confront ethical dilemmas. No moral judgments are taken all of a sudden and forever. The rationalist model, according to Haidt, portrays that â€Å"moral knowledge and moral judgment are reached primarily by a process of reasoning and reflection† (814). Here, moral emotion could play only a lesser role by adding some inputs to the process of moral reasoning. Simply speaking, the rationalist model assumes that every human being plays a role of judge while pronouncing is/her own moral judgments. Social intuitionism has many philosophical underpinnings as it is at the core philosophical thought. Haidt asserts that â€Å"[i]ntuitionism in philosophy refers to the view that there are moral truths and that when people grasp these truths they do so not by a process of ratiocination and reflection but rather by a process more akin to perception† (814). Here a person sees a thing and adopt a position without critically engaging

Analysis of Irelands Defamation Laws

Analysis of Irelands Defamation Laws Defamation Media Constitution Introduction What is Defamation? In a society that often prides itself on having a free and unbiased media, it is important to understand the limitations of such a freedom and the effects it has on a persons social rights. Different jurisdictions tend to embrace the concept of defamation in different ways. For example, the United States has the First Amendment in their Constitution, which has become famous through its abundant presence in popular culture that is based around American law. Australia has an implied freedom of political communication, which is not expressly provided for in their Constitution; however case law has seen effect given to such a value which is far more specific than the American Constitution. The Irish system is quite different from the above. As this brief will uncover, the Irish definition of defamation law is essentially the right of a person to their reputation or their good name. This brief will critically discuss the ways that the Irish courts apply defamation laws, and the relevant constitutional and legislative framework that is in place, which is somewhat unique to the Irish system. The Irish Constitution The Constitution is the most supreme law in the land. It limits the governments legislative abilities while also balancing the fundamental rights of its citizens. Different jurisdictions have different values which they seek to protect, often reflecting different cultural ideologies. However, Ireland appears to take much of its guidance from countries such as the United States and Australia, in that it protects the overall freedom of the media. This freedom of expression is considered fundamental in allowing persons to express their thoughts on government and political issues, which is vital in promoting democratic ideals and enhancing social participation. Obviously, this draws parallels with the famous First Amendment of the United States Constitution which protects an individuals right to free speech, however the Irish Constitution appears to somewhat limit and specialise the protection it offers its citizens. The Irish Constitution extends its express protection against defamation beyond the media on to the individual. It states: the State shall, in particular, by its laws, protect as best it may from unjust attack (and, in the case of injustice done, vindicate) the life, person, good name and property rights of every citizen. This is the cornerstone of an individuals protection against defamation in the Irish jurisdiction. It expressly and firmly entrenches the notion that a citizen is entitled to a good reputation, and any violation thereof must be justified in the sense that a person has brought on such action themselves. It places a duty upon the legislature to put in place laws which would serve to protect a persons good name, and the laws of defamation have been specifically acknowledged by the Irish High Court as fundamental in promoting this protection. The Constitution, while serving to protect persons against any defamation actions, also recognises the need to balance protection of rights with the need for freedom of expression. As previously mentioned, the Constitution serves to protect the rights of individuals against defamation through placing restrictions on the medias rights to express opinions in certain circumstances. This is elaborated upon expressly in the Constitution, in the sense that it says the media and press retain their right to a freedom of expression, however it is not to use that freedom to undermine public order, morality or the authority of the State. This clearly demonstrates the requirement that the State must balance freedom of expression with protection of ones good name, which has been mentioned throughout this chapter. In summary, it is quite clear that the Irish Constitution forms a key part of the protection of an individual from defamation. As this brief will uncover, it is these constitutional provisions that form the cornerstone of legislative protections, such as the Defamation Act 1961, and a host of case law on the issue. Additionally, it would also appear that the Constitution is consistent with European standards, in that it protects ones fundamental right to their good name while finely balancing the need for a free and unbiased media. This can be found in Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which states: Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas, without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. It goes on to say: [Restrictions will be placed on this freedom] as are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. These standards are consistent with the aforementioned discussion, and clearly demonstrate the need for the balance of rights with democratic ideas and values. The Defamation Act 1961 It could be said that the most significant law on defamation in Ireland is the Defamation Act 1961. This legislation replaces much of the law that previously existed in terms of defamation, and codifies many of the common law principles of defamation that are preserved in the Irish legal system. This Act is divided into three key parts: Part I is a preliminary section, dealing with much of the definition, application and jurisdictional issues. Part II addresses the concept of criminal libel, which is an entirely different area of law again from defamation, and Part III (sections 14 to 26) deals with civil defamation. This brief will now attempt to offer a critique of the relevant provisions of the Defamation Act 1961, assessing how it serves to protect ones constitutional right to their good name. Perhaps one of the most intriguing provisions of this Act is one that prohibits a party from using words which impute unchastity or adultery on the part of a woman or girl. This, in itself, is not such an extraordinary provision; however the same section also provides that an action may be taken by a party offended by such words without any proof of actual damages. Therefore this Act, at least in this regard, tends to err on the side of caution and expressly outlaw any libellous comments in relation to a womans sexuality ideally without the need to resort to the courts for remedy. As a general rule, Part II of this Act seeks to outlaw certain conduct by parties, particularly the media, in order to prevent libellous statements from being made in the first case. The Second Schedule of the Act prescribes certain publications as being privileged (i.e. exempt from defamation laws unless malicious intention can be proven). Such publications include reports of decisions taken by international and domestic political organisations, meetings of companies, and other meetings which discuss issues of public concern. Therefore, the Act also recognises the duty of the media to report issues that are of concern to the public, while seeking to balance out that right of knowledge with the publics constitutional right to their good name. There has been some push for reform of the Defamation Act 1961 in the past few years. Some have cited the European Convention on Human Rights as their primary concern, claiming that the current Irish law lags behind the standards that are set by the European legislation. There is also claim that the proposed legislation needs to take recognition of similar decisions which are handed down by European and UK courts, given the fact that these two jurisdictions have defamation laws which are considered to be the benchmark in libel protection. The Approach of the Courts This brief has covered the various constitutional and legislative frameworks that are in place in order to allow the courts to properly discharge their role of applying the law. But often there comes a time when the courts are still required to make decisions where the law is unclear or non-existent, which is the cornerstone of the common law system. Ireland is no different, and there have been plenty of common law decisions handed down over time to provide further guidance as to how defamation law is applied in the Irish jurisdiction. The courts have further elaborated upon the already existing laws in Ireland and have accordingly specified that in order for a statement to be actionable under defamation, the following three key criteria must be satisfied: The statement must be published; The statement must refer to the person complaining; and The statement must be proven to be false. In relation to the need for the statement to be published, the courts have said that (for example) a letter that is sent to a person only becomes slanderous when it is read by persons other than to whom it was addressed, given that there would otherwise be no evidence of the comments in the letter becoming public. However, the courts have also stated that a person who anticipates that a statement will become public can apply for an injunction to prevent its publication; however where the publisher can prove a need to publish on the basis of public interest, the court will often refrain from issuing an injunction and leaving the claimant to seek remedy through damages at a later stage. The courts have further refined the abovementioned list of criteria for libel and slander, and have adopted the following list taken from Gatley on Libel and Slander (10th ed, 2004, London), which illustrates the factors that the court should take into consideration when deciding whether a newspaper article may be libellous: 1. The seriousness of the allegation. The more serious the charge, the more the public is misinformed and the individual harmed, if the allegation is not true; 2. The nature of the information, and the extent to which the subject-matter is a matter of public concern; 3. The source of the information. Some informants have no direct knowledge of the events. Some have their own axes to grind, or are being paid for their stories; 4. The steps taken to verify the information; 5. The status of the information. The allegation may have already been the subject of an investigation which commands respect; 6. The urgency of the matter. News is often a perishable commodity; 7. Whether comment was sought from the plaintiff. He may have information others do not possess or have not disclosed. An approach to the plaintiff will not always be necessary; 8. Whether the article contained the gist of the plaintiffs side of the story; 9. The tone of the article. A newspaper can raise queries or call for an investigation. It need not adopt allegations as statements of fact; 10. The circumstances of the publication, including the timing. This is not in itself an exhaustive list of what the court will consider in these cases involving publications in the media; however it at least allows us to establish the ratio decidendi behind it. The courts will of course balance the above list in conjunction with the constitutional and legislative rights of the public to receive such information; but the court will, at all times, seek to hand down a decision that ultimately serves the interests of the parties concerned as well as the public at large. Conclusion This brief has sought to offer a critical discussion as to how Irish defamation law seeks to protect the rights of individuals and the media. It has also sought to discuss the ways in which the courts are bound to apply the law. It is abundantly clear that defamation law is firmly entrenched in the Constitution of the Republic of Ireland, which forms the foundation of all laws that are enacted within that jurisdiction. The proposition that this brief set out to discuss claims that the defamation laws in Ireland seek to strike a balance between the right of someone to their reputation and the right of the media to freedom of expression. It is clear that the laws do attempt to do this, as one only needs to look at Article 40 of the Constitution to see an express demonstration of such a practice. The courts are obviously bound by the Constitution, and thus their freedom to interpret defamation laws is somewhat limited. However, the courts have been free to devise certain criteria within the constitutional and legislative framework that is in place to ensure a consistent application of defamation principles. There must be a need for the comments of a party to be published, be false and identify the claimant in order for a claim in slander can be substantiated. Within this, however, the courts have devised a list of factors which they consider in conjunction with these broad principles, which appear to allow for a number of different circumstances to be adjudged equally. Finally, it would appear that the standards relied upon by the Irish courts in regards to defamation laws are consistent with the approaches taken in other jurisdictions, especially in Europe. This is clearly evidenced by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which again establishes the notion that a domestic legislature must attempt to balance the rights of the individual with the right to freedom of expression. A democratic society cannot exist without these two factors being present, and thus it is of utmost importance to preserve them with the maximum possible effect, without detracting from the need to protect other individual and social rights. Bibliography Books Gatley, J.C.C., McEwen, R.L., and Lewis, P.S.C., Gatley on Libel and Slander (10th ed, 2004), London: Sweet and Maxwell Cases Ahern v Maguire (1840), full citation unavailable Australian Capital Television v Commonwealth (1992) 177 CLR 106 Judge Alan Mahon and others v Keena and another [2007] IEHC 348 Kennedy v Hearne [1988] IR 481 Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation (1997) 189 CLR 520 Leech v Independent Newspapers (Ireland) Ltd [2007] IEHC 223 National Irish Bank v Radio Telefis Eireann [1998] 2 IR 465 Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills (1992) 177 CLR 1 Reynolds v Sunday Times Newspapers [2002] 2 AC 127 HL Legislation Defamation Act 1961 European Convention on Human Rights Irish Constitution United States Constitution Other Sources Author Unknown, Defamation Bill Goes Before Seanad (2006) The Irish Times, 6 December 2006, available at

The History of the Criminal Justice System in America Essay -- essays

The History of the Criminal Justice System in America The criminal justice system has been evolving since the first colonists came to America. At first, the colonists used a criminal justice system that mirrored those in England, France, and Holland. Slowly the French and Dutch influences faded away leaving what was considered the English common law system. The common law system was nothing more than a set of rules used to solve problems within the communities. This system was not based on laws or codes, but simply that of previous decisions handed down by judges. Although rudimentary, this common law system did make the distinction between misdemeanors and the more serious crimes known as felonies. As the colonies grew so did the criminal justice system. The colonists expa...

Advertising and Beauty Product Advertisements Essay

This study examined beauty advertisements in local English magazines from a Critical Discourse Analysis perspective. This study mainly focused on the use of language in beauty advertisements and strategies employed by advertisers to manipulate and influence their customers. The analysis is based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework. It demonstrates how the ideology of ‘beauty’ is produced and reproduced through advertisements in popular local women’s magazines. A qualitative research was conducted on beauty product advertisements in two popular local women’s magazines, Cleo and Women’s Weekly. The findings indicated that advertisers used various strategies to manipulate women. The advertisements promote an idealised lifestyle and manipulate readers to a certain extent into believing whatever that is advertised is indeed true. This study revealed how the ideology of beauty is constructed and reconstructed through magazines by stereotyping how beauty products are synonymous with a better life. Advertising language is used to control people’s minds. Thus people in power (advertisers) use language as a means to exercise control over others. Keywords: CDA, advertisements, power, manipulate 1. Introduction The stiff competition in attracting potential customers has forced advertisers to employ vigorous advertising strategies techniques such as, construct a problem that can only be solved by using their products. Similarly, beauty product companies advertise their products to convince women. Magazines are a good example of a powerful media which regularly reach a vast number of women. The local English Language magazines are constantly flooded with beauty product advertisements. Some of them provide quite a lot of information such as, the background of the product, its effectiveness, feedback or testimonies by celebrity’s or women who have used the product, price, and so on whereas some are rather short and condensed. These advertisements tend to manipulate readers to a certain extent into believing whatever that is advertised is indeed true. The major stakeholders in advertising are the manufacturers, consumers and advertising agencies. Advertisements reach out to consumers through various media such as internet, radio, television, magazines and newspapers. In order to ensure that advertisements are able to reach the target group, advertisers need to select the right medium. For instance, if the target group is the generation Y group, then internet would be the best source as many young people today go online when purchasing products be it clothes, gadgets, books and so on. As print media such as magazines can reach both young and old alike, advertisers or manufacturers of products take opportunity to promote their product through this media. Visuals and language in the advertisements play a pertinent role to attract women. The next section will discuss on the role of language in advertising. Cook (2001) points out that advertisements inform, persuade, remind, influence and perhaps change opinions, emotions and attitudes. In other words, his contention is that advertisements do not only sell products but change society and make people buy things they do not want or need. He also feels that advertisements do give warnings or information to people. Hence, advertisements can help create awareness, construct identities and attitude. There are many advertisements in women’s magazines that advertise beauty products influencing women and 61 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 9, No.3; 2013 beauty has become an absolute religious imperative for women, thus pressuring them to do their best to hold their beauty (Baudrillard, 2005). The â€Å"ideal† women is stereotyped through visual and textual aspects of the advertisements. Advertisers use visual and linguistic means to persuade their audience. It is argued that â€Å"advertising is the most influential institution of socialisation in modern society† (Jhally, 1995). This scenario has brought into perspective on how people who are in control of advertisements manage to exercise their power and at the same time manipulate women’s beliefs. Lau and Zuraidah (2010) perceived that advertising has been subtly distorting reality and manipulating consumers to make them buy a way of life as well as goods. Thus studies on advertisements in women’s magazines would be of great relevance to advertisers. In order to know how advertisers influence women, it is necessary first to understand what advertising is all about. Advertisements are important but not many studies have been conducted in the local context from a CDA perspective. Thus there is indeed a need for studies to investigate the use of language and other semiotic modalities in beauty product advertisements. The findings of such research efforts can contribute further to the field of advertising as well as language and society. This study will address the following research questions: 1) What are the linguistic features used in beauty product advertisements? 2) What are the discursive techniques employed in beauty product advertisements to manipulate women? 2. Methodology & Theoretical Framework The theoretical framework employed in this study is Critical Discourse Analysis framework (2001). Advertisements are seen as media discourse as they involve language and social processes. Hence this framework is used to show the link between the nature of social practice and the properties of language â€Å"texts†. A qualitative design was adopted for this study. A qualitative study was appropriate in this study which seeks to investigate how discourse in advertisements involves people’s construction of meanings. Beauty product advertisements in English Language local magazines were analysed. Hence for a descriptive analysis, a qualitative analysis is more appropriate rather than a quantitative analysis. Purposive sampling was done as the study was to investigate only on beauty product advertisements where not many studies have been conducted namely lipstick, mascara and eye cream. Data was collected from two local women’s magazine, Cleo and Women’s Weekly from six issues consecutively from January to June 2012. Every advertisement on eye cream, lipstick and mascara from these magazines was retrieved and analysed. The data analysis is based on Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis framework (2001). Hence this framework is used to show the link between the nature of social practice and the properties of language â€Å"texts†. His three-dimensional framework includes a conception of discourse as text (micro level), discourse practice (meso level) and sociocultural practice (macro level). Its aim is to explore the relationships among language, ideology and power and to find out how advertisers persuade the women to buy their products. Thus, this study focused on analysing the linguistic features of beauty product advertisements in women’s magazines in Malaysia and highlights how the use of language tends to manipulate women beliefs based on the content of the advertisements. Figure 1. Fairclough’s three-dimensional model, 2001 62 www. ccsenet. org/ass Asian Social Science Vol. 9, No. 3; 2013 3. Results and Discussions The analysis is presented at the textual (micro), discursive practice (meso) and social practice (macro) level based on Fairclough’s (2001) CDA framework. 3. 1 Textual Analysis The textual analysis relates to research question 1 on the linguistic features in the advertisements analysed. At this level of analysis the linguistic features such as vocabulary, syntax and rhetorical devices employed in advertisements are discussed. In the study there was a great use of direct address in the advertisements for both ideological and practical reasons. The use of the second-person personal and possessive pronouns such as ‘you’ and ‘yours’ seek to address the readers directly and personally. When people are addresses individually rather than as part of mass audience it is considered highly valued. This handling of people on an individual basis is referred as ‘synthetic personalization’ (Fairclough, 1989:62). Based on the total fifty eight beauty products advertisements analysed, twenty had used direct address. Examples are as shown below: ?

Power Why Some People Have It

Power Why Some People Have It Power is a subject at the place of work that each person is aware of but it rarely features in most conversations. As such, Pfeffer does a great job in disclosing ways of succeeding and exercising power in the real world in this book.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Power: Why Some People Have It-and Others Dont by Jeffrey Pfeffer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pfeffer argues that most of the time, people tend to pay less attention on the development of their influence, and eventually their power, and this is what differentiates the winners from the losers. The well researched findings that he puts across correlates with some topics from the Custom Business Resources textbook. Geert Holfstedes studies inform us about the modes of behavior of other cultures so as to improve our ability of interacting with them and if the information is comprehended as it should be, this can lead to successful interpersonal relation ships that is free from frustrations. Similarly, in the book Power, Pfeffer, a Stanford professor, points out that ones quest for power is not a solo act. For someone to exert influence favorably, he or she needs to incorporate a lot of people in his or her power grab. And this can only be achieved by having successful interpersonal relationships, according to Geert Hofstede. The social responsibility of organizations obliges them to carry out activities that are advantageous to the society as a whole and they can do this either passively, by not undertaking socially dangerous activities, or actively, by participating in socially beneficial activities. In the same way, Pfeffer indicates that power is a compulsion that is not only advantageous to a person, but is also advantageous for the advancement of the goals of a company and those of the society as a whole. Ethics is an ingredient that makes organizations to undertake socially responsible actions and it assists in determining ho w the values and decisions of an organization influence the various stakeholder groups. In this regard, Pfeffer posits that powerful people who strive for fairness and justice can enhance the development of organizations. However, to achieve this, one must strive to perfect his or her reputations and conduct, without having to work hard. Some of the aspects of human resource management include planning and allocating resources, giving direction, vision, and objectives to the employees, creating a favorable working environment for the employees, and providing opportunities for personal development.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These aspects correlate with the idea that Pfeffer brings forward that the lack of a realistic understanding is what makes some individuals to be victorious than others. When an organization fails to implement these aspects of human resour ce management, a â€Å"just-world phenomenon† crops in and the organization cannot adequately fulfill the demands of the workforce. In any organization, change is an unavoidable occurrence and for the process to be successful, every change and innovation initiatives should be carefully implemented. On the other hand, Pfeffer points out that power is an instrumental tool that can be used in improving the health as well as the wealth of an individual. However, it is of essence to note that this can only happen when whatever changes that takes place are managed appropriately and in order. In today’s busy work environment, all employees experience work-related stresses that can impair their productivity if not handled in good time. However, Pfeffer points out that this cannot be the situation when employees have power. This power will make them to make decisions that will avoid the work-related stresses. For example, he points out that employees should â€Å"worry about t he relationship they have with their bosses at least as much as they worry about your job performance† (para. 9). Leadership is an essential management skill that entails providing the employees with direction, planning, evaluation, motivation, and setting the example. Therefore, in the absence of effective leadership, an organization cannot adequately meet its objectives. On leadership, Pfeffer goes contrary to the popular notion that is being promoted by many ubiquitous leadership literatures that for one to gain power, he or she has to ‘gloss over the power plays.† Therefore, as a leader, one ought to possess the ability to motivate the employees towards a common goal, without having to ‘gloss over’ his or her influence. In an organization, the employees should be able to trust themselves and the management should also be able to trust the employees that they are able to accomplish the assigned tasks. In absence of this, disagreements can erupt. In emphasizing this aspect, Pfeffer notes, â€Å"therefore, your first responsibility is to ensure that those at higher levels in your company know what you are accomplishing. And the best way to ensure they know what you are achieving is to tell them so that they can trust you† (para. 4). Lastly, group development involves a series of stages in which a group is established with an intention of fulfilling a particular objective in an organization. On this, Pfeffer points out that â€Å"no one is going to perform equally well on all the dimensions of their working in a group. What you can do is consistently emphasize those aspects on which you do well in a group† (para. 5).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Power: Why Some People Have It-and Others Dont by Jeffrey Pfeffer specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pfeffer, Jeffrey. â€Å"Power: Why Some People Have Itand Others Dont.† Amazon Kindle. Amazon, I nc., 2010. Web. https://www.amazon.com/

Free Essays on Abortion-An Admendment That Should Have Been

Abortion By: Jessica Cecil Many people believe abortion is a moral issue, but it is also a constitutional issue. It is a woman's right to choose what she does with her body, and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. This right is guaranteed by the ninth amendment, which contains the right to privacy. The ninth amendment states: " The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." This right guarantees the right to women, if they so choose, to have an abortion, up to the end of the first trimester. Regardless of the fact of morals, a woman has the right to privacy and choice to abort her fetus. The people that hold a "pro-life" view argue that a woman who has an abortion is killing a child. The "pro-choice" perspective holds this is not the case. A fetus is not yet a baby. It does not posess the criteria derived from our understanding of living human beings. In a notable defense of this position, philosopher Mary A nne Warren has proposed the following criteria for "person-hood": 1) consciousness (of objects and events external and or internal to the being), and in particular the capacity to feel pain. 2) reasoning (the developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems) 3) self-motivated activity (activity which is relatively independent of either genetic or direct external control) 4) the capacity to communicate, by whatever means, messages of an indefinite variety of possible contents, but on indefinltely many possible topics. 5) the presence of self-concepts, and self-awareness, either individual or social, or both. (Taking Sides -Volume 3). Several cases have been fought for the right to choose. Many of these have been hard cases with very personal feelings, but the perserverance showed through and gives us the rights we have today. Here are some important cases: 1965 - Griswold v. Connecticut - uph... Free Essays on Abortion-An Admendment That Should Have Been Free Essays on Abortion-An Admendment That Should Have Been Abortion By: Jessica Cecil Many people believe abortion is a moral issue, but it is also a constitutional issue. It is a woman's right to choose what she does with her body, and it should not be altered or influenced by anyone else. This right is guaranteed by the ninth amendment, which contains the right to privacy. The ninth amendment states: " The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people." This right guarantees the right to women, if they so choose, to have an abortion, up to the end of the first trimester. Regardless of the fact of morals, a woman has the right to privacy and choice to abort her fetus. The people that hold a "pro-life" view argue that a woman who has an abortion is killing a child. The "pro-choice" perspective holds this is not the case. A fetus is not yet a baby. It does not posess the criteria derived from our understanding of living human beings. In a notable defense of this position, philosopher Mary A nne Warren has proposed the following criteria for "person-hood": 1) consciousness (of objects and events external and or internal to the being), and in particular the capacity to feel pain. 2) reasoning (the developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems) 3) self-motivated activity (activity which is relatively independent of either genetic or direct external control) 4) the capacity to communicate, by whatever means, messages of an indefinite variety of possible contents, but on indefinltely many possible topics. 5) the presence of self-concepts, and self-awareness, either individual or social, or both. (Taking Sides -Volume 3). Several cases have been fought for the right to choose. Many of these have been hard cases with very personal feelings, but the perserverance showed through and gives us the rights we have today. Here are some important cases: 1965 - Griswold v. Connecticut - uph...

Instrumental Analysis EXAM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Instrumental Analysis EXAM - Essay Example Infrared rays are used in analysis of the structure of organic compounds by examination of the chemical bonds. Microwaves are utilized in protein hydrolysis that is essential in amino acid evaluation. Radio waves are used in the chemical analysis of drugs. They are also utilized in evaluating the electronic conditions surrounding the nuclei (Sharma S-3 - S-12). Question 2: The energy across the EMR spectrum varies by decreasing from the gamma, to UV, to visible light, to IR, to microwaves and finally to radio waves. The frequency of the waves is highest in gamma rays and the radio waves have the least frequency just as arranged above. The radiation is determined by the energy levels; hence, the radiation also decreases in the order arranged above (Sharma S-3 - S-12). Question 4: A diode is a device that only permits current flow in a single direction. It functions to detect light though the creation of an electron-hole when a photon with enough energy hits it. It does this through the forward and reverse-bias. If the polarity is such that the electrons are permitted to move through the diode, it is termed as forward bias, however, if the diode hinders their flow, then it is called reverse bias. A diode array is a system that has several photodiode units. It is used in the obtaining of qualitative features of compounds in liquid chromatography. A charged coupled device (CCD) functions by having light interrupt the photodiodes. The photodiodes that are reverse-biased lead to the capacitor been discharged at a proportional rate to the amount of photon release. The released charge is transmitted to a shift recorder with the aid of the closing of a sequence of switches. After which, the switches open once the shift is recorded recharging the capacito rs. An A/D converter helps in obtaining the data, which is displayed on a computer (Park 1-15). Question 6: A photomultiplier functions by

Gender and Sexual Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender and Sexual Studies - Essay Example Thirdly, racism and ethnic background are important aspects governing the professions (Kempadoo 10). Sex workers and domestic workers move from their native countries in search of better economic activity (Kempadoo and Mahdavi). In other words, sex work and domestic work are used to generate income that is aimed at the family’s welfare and survival (Kempadoo 4). Fourthly, some of the participants in the professions are victims of human trafficking and are often mistreated and beaten in carrying out their duties (Mahdavi 63). Fifthly, a considerable number of those who were interviewed detest their work and practice it as they lack a better option (Mahdavi 77). Finally, most of the participants are young women from countries with poor economic conditions resulting from globalization (Mahdavi 63). Misperceptions about These Careers. Most professions in the world have prevalent misconceptions which spread across the globe. The first misconception about domestic work and sex work is that people tend to think that all the partakers of the profession were forced, therefore conclude that all transnational workers were trafficked and recruited into the professions against their will (Mahdavi 62). Most certainly, there are those who are victims of this crime, but on the contrary there are those who willingly engage in these jobs. The second misperception views sex work and domestic work as an identity rather than sources of income. This notion has impeded the recognition of sex work and domestic work as labor thereby prevents probable protections that can strengthen labor laws relating to the professions. Last but not least, there is a worldwide misconception that ending trafficking is relying on the demand for sex. (Mahdavi 63). This is wrong since it assumes that trafficking is synonymous to sex work and domestic work (Mahdavi 63). Reasons for Heightened Vulnerability in this Profession. Consequentially, sex workers and domestic workers are prone to abuse from their employers, family members and other people in the environment. Some cases have been reported however, most of them are not reported to the relevant authorities. There are various reasons to resulting to this. On one, side, sex workers work in a male dominated world, and they are often mistreated and viewed as objects of pleasure (Mahdavi 63). Both professions lack legitimacy and recognition thus increasing vulnerability of the workers (Kempadoo 3). The society has tainted the profession and do not accord the much needed respect. These workers work in a poor working environment, face identity issues in society and suffer from human rights abuse (Mahdavi 3). These women migrate from their home countries in order to stay away from economic problems and opt to go through hardships so long as they can generate income (Mahdavi 76). Additionally, sex workers and domestic workers are prone to abuse since people tend to think they are in a desperate situation. Since they are in a despe rate situation, they have to accept all manner of abuse from the people they interact with. These two industries are marred by high levels of racism and ethnicity hence workers from some parts of the world are prone to discrimination (Mahdavi 81). There are no clear policies with regards to domestic work and sex work. As a result, the perpetrators will continue abusing sex and domestic work

Failed states Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

Failed states - Case Study Example political goods' for its citizens (nil capacity)'Sovereign territorial state that is no longer sovereign in areas that it claims to rule'Claimants to rule fail to exercise clear priority over other groups in territories". No laws, violence throughout, the disappearance of law, education, healthcare, and border control, and political conflicts are ways that we typically measure state failure. Central state authority does not exist, or has failed, for years. "State failure is a new label that encompasses a range of severe political conflicts and regime crises exemplified by macro-societal events such as those Failed States 4 that occurred in Somalia, Bosnia, Liberia, and Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) in the 1990s ("Rebuilding Failed & Defeated States, n.d.). Other factors that are included in the measurement of a failed state are civil conflicts, conflicts amongst other countries, high infant deaths, types of regime, quality of life, material possessions/things, low trade, and the well being of its citizens. After analyzing the literature, it seems that the centre of the definition of a failed state is a failing internal structure. Having looked in the dictionary and the encylycopaedia, the meaning for failed states is not clear. Whilst there are many opinions, definitions, and literature on the topic, the definition and causes of a failed state cannot be so clearly stated or defined. It is rather complex. Grant (2004) declares, "'The predicate question-what is a 'failed state''-by no means lends itself to an easy answer. Like many questions involving statehood and international relations, the question of the failed state becomes more complicated the further one moves from the...This would be akin to a focus on WW2's endgame (Hiroshima) while ignoring everything that went on between 1939 and 1945. Failed states provide unrestricted training grounds for multiple global guerrilla groups. They offer numerous financial opportunities (for example, half of Afghanistan's GDP is opium -- in contrast to the anti-drug Taliban). Global guerrillas are unbounded by rogue state policies and are free to innovate. Internal violence can accelerate recruitment and the development of tactical innovations. Unrestricted borders allow global guerrillas to infiltrate adjacent states (and given ubiquitous air transportation, everywhere in the world). Failed states will provide the perfect platforms for the destabilization of Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and Egypt. Failed states have simply done just that, which is failed. They have proven not to be successful, have proven to be sufficient and lacking, and have declined. Many so-called failed states have not met this description and have not Weak states have these, or some of these in place but are simply that-weak. They have not proven failure and lack of success. It is not done and finished with weak states. Therefore, if you really look at "failed" states, they are actually weakened.

A proposal to modify Exercisco Fitness Club Essay Example for Free

A proposal to modify Exercisco Fitness Club Essay Description: A proposal to modify Exercisco Fitness Club in Pokfulam, the location has been proposed to Baguio Villas. This location has been chosen because the area is very clean and there is a large population and this would be an advantage because there is more market share, and there would be more potential customers. The location is also good because there is a major project developing (cyber-port). This would be an advantage for the business because it would give it a good reputation. Plus this is another advantage because there is less competition and Baguio Villas is a very scarce place. The new technology applied to the Fitness center would in theory increase the customers attending the club. The club would easily keep a record of the customers joining and leaving the club. Plus the new system would be able to pinpoint specific addresses for business purposes. E. g. if a customer has not paid the bill for a month. Also the club would let members interact in fitness courses if they prefer and they would be able to purchase different materials connecting to the course. Address: 59th Mount Hermon Rd,5th floor Krono Plaza, opposite Glon Canyon Rd Telephone: 25849843, Fax: 28394785, Manager Mobile: 91234534 How the business could use the following: Databases: The business will use this to record all the members data and personal phone numbers etc. And also if they are a regular fitness members. Also the database will ensure that the different courses which members attend. And also if they would want to purchase some material concerning the course Spreadsheets: The business uses this to record all my annual or monthly results so I can see if I make any profits etc. Web Sites: The business uses this to help people sign up as a member online so they dont need to travel to the center to obtain the form. And also any special offers or any special events Image Creation: The business will use this to format my images to suit posters and web sites etc. And also I will use image creation to produce and format a logo unique for the business Desktop Publishing: The business will use this to create posters and newsletters for members and maybe also forms for people who would like to become members. History: The business has been recently opened. To be exact the business was first formed 4 months ago. The business has not succeeded very well compared to its predicted cash flow rate. This is because the business has not been able to keep a stable record of the time and number of customers who come and go from the Club. But the has started to release that without technology it would be very hard to cope with the expanding competition around the country and the world. The types of customers targeted are spilt into 2 categories. Day time customers and Evening time customers. This is because since Hong Kong is a large low unemployment country customers, a majority male, will travel and work. This meaning that since the males or females who work will be off on their jobs there would be a less customers coming in at the day time. So the best thing to do is to target mostly house wives or else young adults. But in theory at the evening there would be more customers because the customers who arrive from their jobs normally tend to travel to a fitness club. Overall adults will the type of customers who would most likely attend the Fitness club. The role of the receptionist is to welcome people into the fitness club and also take phone calls and entrance fees etc. The receptionist also checks members ID and handles the database to record the revenue coming into the business. Instructors The role of the instructors would be to train the members who preferred to have instructors rather than working out sole. Also the instructors would be trained in medical so they could aid people if a situation arises. Managing Director The role of the managing director is to run the day to day of the business this meaning he/she would motivate the employees and give feed back to the Board of Directors, and the managing director would receive feedback from different departments in the business and make decisions. Cleaners The cleaners have been contracted from a different business, this saves the hassle of employing individual cleaners by the business. Accountants Analysis of ordering system When a member first enters the fitness club and wants to work out, the staff asks for the membership card, they identify the number from their notebook (which consists of the members name last name alphabetically and their membership number). Then the staff asks the member to fill out the table on their record book consisting of the Members name, membership number, time checked in and their signature. When the members finished, they sign-out and record their time on the book. Also the staff will collect the members card, and they give back to the member when theyre done with theyre work out.

Essay --

What’s better: Fast Food vs. Healthy Food? Although today, the vast majority would argue that eating healthier foods would be more advantageous to one’s health, the question is whether it is conducive to the faster pace lifestyle of today’s individual and family? Today’s family dynamic is normally made up of two hardworking individuals with equally busy children. For each individual and family members, we know that a healthy lifestyle is dependent on plenty of exercise and nutritious foods. Advertisers for health and diet foods retailers sell a variety of healthy foods to help customers stick to their diets. Products can range from supplements and vitamins to vegetables and protein. Some health and diet foods can be found in supermarkets. Usually they have their own aisle, and are coupled with the organics section. They can also be found in the fruits and vegetables sections. But many health and diet foods have their own specialty shops aimed at getting people to lose fat, inches, and weight. Losing excess weight and improving your overall health via exercise and wise eating cho... Essay -- What’s better: Fast Food vs. Healthy Food? Although today, the vast majority would argue that eating healthier foods would be more advantageous to one’s health, the question is whether it is conducive to the faster pace lifestyle of today’s individual and family? Today’s family dynamic is normally made up of two hardworking individuals with equally busy children. For each individual and family members, we know that a healthy lifestyle is dependent on plenty of exercise and nutritious foods. Advertisers for health and diet foods retailers sell a variety of healthy foods to help customers stick to their diets. Products can range from supplements and vitamins to vegetables and protein. Some health and diet foods can be found in supermarkets. Usually they have their own aisle, and are coupled with the organics section. They can also be found in the fruits and vegetables sections. But many health and diet foods have their own specialty shops aimed at getting people to lose fat, inches, and weight. Losing excess weight and improving your overall health via exercise and wise eating cho...

Video Game Console and Nintendo

Introduction Nintendo company,One of the most recognized names in the history of games. Even that was 120 years before and recent decades years, Nintendo begin company to making the playing card game,but creating video game. In the 60’s,Nintendo was going to produce video games, but after 1985 when Nintendo started to sell Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the famous game Super Mario Brothers. Nintendo began to as being the only dominatition in video games,and remained through many years,before Sony had take over the dominatition position by launched the Sony PlayStation . nd then Nintendo was being regarded as a recession proposition in the videogame business. As far as we can see,the turning point in 2005, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo DS with a big success. In 2006 Nintendo introduced the Wii and then launched it being the best-selling latest generation console system in the world. Nowdays, Nintendo in the position as being the â€Å"worldwide leader in the creati on of interactive entertainment† with Microsoft and Sony in world’s top3 videogame business. To date, Nintendo has sold more than one billion video games and created so many game console including Game Boy – The best selling video game systemgame systems worldwide. 1. What  is  Nintendo’s  strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? What are some of the recent offensive and/or defensive strategies that Nintendo has employed? Have these tactics been successful? Nintendo's strategy is based on the customer premise, when other business-to-video game market has yet to be waited and see attitude, and Nintendo in the market demand for in-depth study, the firm entered the field. Nintendo was on the market only a profound understanding of the needs of customers’ game manufacturers. Because it can from the â€Å"customer needs is the fun of the game† This perspective of looking at problems, Nintendo game software was first recognized that the decisive position. This policy eventually develop into a Nintendo game software developers and strategic alliances to achieve this status, Nintendo has played a key role. After have a â€Å"Nintendo Power† books and â€Å"counselors systems† scheme, which are a combination of the two major consumers and Nintendo's sticky and agents, but also Nintendo's main method to grasp the pulse of customers. In fact, the Nintendo Company's product development plans and marketing strategies is almost entirely dependent from the customer information. We come up the idea that :The broad differentiation strategy is the newly products of Nintendo's had generic used ,particularly for Wii ,the broad differentiation strategy that allowed Nintendo to compete with two giant Sony and Microsoft. Nintendo had focus on innovative control system,that leads to rising the fun level of games,instead of to attempting to catch up with the functional advantage concentrated by most competition in game industry . Nintendo focused on developing games and take their Key advantage – gaming fun to winning the battle of game industry. Recently, Nintendo has carried out some offensive strategies to resist with rivals and gain more market share. The company aimed to innovating products and introducing some of the industry’s most astoundingly inventive and financially lucrative gaming products. For instance, Nintendo introduced the Nintendo Dual Screen in 2004. The DS Lite was introduced in 2006 and Wii was introduced in 2008. Nintendo does a number of advertisements with creative advertisement, what make deeply impression on customers. Through the magazines, the company releases the products and attracts game players. Nintendo also has some defensive strategies. Rivals like Sony and Microsoft were calling attention to an assortment of technological capabilities and graphic features in their consoles. Nintendo’s two system including video game consoles and handheld system with light weight electronic devices and designed largely. Rivals required a part of target market. According to this situation, Nintendo attract older people and women as a new market to make sure the sales and reputation for the company. 2. Is it fair to characterize Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? Yes,there’s a pure blue ocean strategy initiated in the Nintendo’s Wii,but the Wii’s introduction strategy can not necessarily be characterize as a blue ocean strategy that we considered. Wii’s introduction demonstrated is successful executed the Blue Ocean Strategy,that driven point is the unique interactive â€Å"motion-sensitive† controls,it based on an innovative gaming control system can sense movements and physical activity, gamers should to physically move around to guide the game character,this is an differentiate experience with instinct usability that may rising the fun of gaming,and creating an accessibility for every player of all ages and genders . This new values are created and focused by Wii which instead of the performance value defined by the industry. it allowed Wii to not only compete in the game console industry’s â€Å"red ocean† where has been dominated by Sony's PlayStation and Microsoft's Xbox, but also to went after an untapped market,For consumers who are not consider as the typical gamers,as older females, seniors,who never think about gaming,even who consider gaming as a waste of time. it purpose at the entire family. so it as the allegory of name â€Å"wii†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s intended, we- everyone can enjoy it. Wii are also competitive to appealing the traditionally customer targeted by the games industry,we come up the opinion that the blue ocean strategy can reinforcing the competitive strategy acts as a supporting board differention competitive. Wii’s make games for a different purpose,In assessing the standard relative to Microsoft’s Xbox 360, and Sony’s PlayStation 3, and other developers , Wii‘s functional elements as graphics & physics, processing power ,and supporting function (as Movie playing) are relatively rare . owever it good-enough for moderate gamer,but their virtual controling raising gaming fun to a higher level ,that helps maintained its core gaming audience while aslo their purpose to changing the â€Å"couch-potato†gamer to into exerciser. As a matter of fact, Sony nor Microsoft try to imitated the Wii’s contoling function. to lure away Wii's new customer. All above evidence that it is almost self-explanatory the sucess for Wiiâ €™s blue ocean strategy’s. 3. What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? Our first recommendation is developing in the competition area that different from Microsoft and Sony. As we know, the main product of Microsoft and Sony is Xbox 360 and Playstation 3. Xbox 360 can mainly fight and talk by the network. PS 3 mainly in high-definition video and audio quality as the characteristics. Therefore, we think Nintendo should be developed in other areas, such as game’s own characterized. They can develop some games that more suitable for players, life and era such as the classic Super Mario, Tetris and other games. Our second recommendations is developing more perfect handheld video game console. Because as Microsoft and Sony’s main game product are Home video game consoles. Many people know Nintendo is because of their product Game Boy. And more young people today do not like to play games at home, they are more like in the car, in the bedroom, or in other free time to relax. So, handheld game consoles is still a huge market, but also because Nintendo has the foundation of Game Boy. So in this regard the development and the customer base is inevitable better than the other competitors. Our third recommendation is to improve the skill of visual quality. What is the value of a game? Obviously, the main the player seeks for is the gameplay, is the creative point of a game that itself has. For this part the Nintendo make a good sense. Nintendo's success lies in change and subversion of tradition. But, with the booming technology, the players who are familiar with Maya, 3DMAX are also pay high attention to the quality of the visual. Compare with Sony and Microsoft, Nintendo do not spend so much technology dealing with visual. However, the decoration of a game system such like visual and sound also will be a big attraction. People always enjoy a sense of realism. So if it wants to get a long-term development, it also needs to improve its visual skill even though Nintendo do not rely on visual to win the profit. Our final recommendation is expansion of market in China. As we see, China who has large number of population can be a Potential Unit for almost all industry, of cause for game. It can be a good market for Nintendo we believe. To extend the Chinese market, Nintendo can consider about increasing the Chinese language interface to get closer to Chinese people. They also need to offer a good after sale service in china. We recognize that the after sale service of Nintendo in Asia except Japan is limited. In order to fit the China's specific conditions, Nintendo can introduce more educational and recreational games and let the parents willing to buy. In a word, making more efforts in these recommendations, Nintendo may have a long term development in the future we believe.