Busy Bee Essay

In this crazy world, everyone is busy with their work, going to school, or doing something for the survival of their lives. A busy bee defines a person who is busy in his/her life and barely has time for their personal and social life. This kind of lifestyle is really complicated and hard to live. A busy bee is a behavior in which a person has little time for friends, is focused on their career and also has a lifestyle of either being a single or can barely provide time for family. First of all myuncle who owns 12 dunking donuts barely has time for his family. He sees his kids or communicates with them once or twice in a week. For him, his business life is more important than his social life with his family. He ought to give first prefrence to his business to make more ‘n’ more money on his bank account. In addition, Olivia Pope from Scandal, to me reflects the behavior of a busy bee. In the show, ‘Scandal’, she appears to be very busy, handling five cases a day, and there is always something going on that she needs to take care of it. As the definition says, she is shown as having no personal life, and mostly she is in the office solving cases since she does as a job as a fixer. Busy bee behavior can also exhibit influential behavior. The bad feeling between what is, and what could be, talks to our frustrations and stirs us into wide awake Influence.I chose this behavior to write about because I can connect to this behavior in such manner that since morning to night, I am running around the whole day to take summer classes or running errands or working. I also uncover some of the valuable realities of how my mind can either work for me or against this influencial being busy behavior. It’s only the weekends I can go back to my normal lifestyle, talk to my family and relax myself. Though Stephen R. Covey famous American educator and author has define busy bee in above mention phrase, â€Å"We may be very busy, we may be very efficient, but we will also be truly effective only when we begin with the end in mind.† To conclude, the behavior of the busy bee is my favorite from all the other behaviors listed because being busy makes me feel like I am accomplishing something from life, it doesn’t give me a chance to get bored and watch shows like sorrow or happiness and it gives me the encouragement to be busy in life. The behavior of a busy bee is an exceptional and unique way to keep going in life. That’s why William Blake said, â€Å"Get busy living, or get busy dying.†

Commercial Basic Credit Management EXIM Bank Experience

DECLARATION This Internship report is submitted as a partial fulfilment of the requirement of Bachelor of Business Administration . I am Md. Saiful Islam hereby declares that the work presented in this report titled â€Å"Commercial Basic Credit Management EXIM Bank Experience. † has been carried out by me and has not been previously submitted to any other University, College or Organization for any academic qualification, certificate, diploma or degree. The work I have presented does not breach any existing copyright.I further undertake to indemnify the university the against any loss or damage arising from breach of the foregoing obligations. Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University ACKNOWLEDGEMENT At first, I foremost like to express my heartiest thankfulness to Almighty Allah to reach me at the end of the BBA Internship. I would like to take the opportunity to express my heartiest gratitude to my honourable supervisor Mahabb at Hosen, Department of Business Administration, IBAIS University for his continuous guidance and support to complete this report.My special thanks to the respondent and my friends specially, Sumon and Monirul Islam former students of IBAIS University for their kind help and co-operation during the course of this Internship. My sincere apologies to the readers for my conceptual and printing mistakes (if any). Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University Certificate of the supervisor This is to certify that the thesis on ‘Accounting Performance on Credit Management and Legal Settlement EXIM Bank Ltd. An overview’ as a partial fulfilment of requirement of ‘Bachelor of Business Administration’ degree from ‘IBAIS University’.The thesis has been carried out under my guidance and is a record of the bona fide work carried out successfully. Signature: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Supervisor’s Full Name: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Faculty: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Letter of TransmittalDate: March 16, 2013 Mahabbat Hosan Lecture of IBAIS University Dept. of Business Administration Subject: Submission of Inter nship Report Dear Sir, It is my great pleasure to submit the internship report on â€Å"Accounting Performance on Credit Management and legal Settlement at EXIM Bank overview. † Which is the partial fulfilment of Bachelor of Business Administration of IBAIS University. I made sincere efforts to study related materials and documents, observe operations performed in EXIM Bank Experience and examine relevant records for preparation of the report.Within the time limit, I have to make this report as comprehensive as possible. But there may be some mistakes due to various limitations. For this reason beg your kind consideration in this regard. Sincerely yours. Md. Saiful Islam ID NO. 0101092908 Department of Business Administration IBAIS University Table of contents Part A Organization ChapterTopicsPage No. 1About The Report 1. 1Origin of the Report 1. 2Background of the Report 1. 3Objects of the study 1. 4Methodology of the study 1. 4. 1Primary Source of Data 1. 4. 2Secondary Sour ces of Date 1. 5Data Processing & Analysis Banking in Bangladesh 2. 1 Introduction 2. 2 Evolution of the word â€Å"Bank† 2. 3 Emergence of Modern Banking 2. 4Bank Development in Bangladesh 2. 5Concluding Note 3EXIM Bank At a Glance 3. 1Historical Background of EXIM Bank Ltd 3. 2Profile of EXIM Bank 3. 3Credit Rating 3. 4Vision and Mission 3. 5Functions of the EXIM Bank Ltd. 3. 6Corporate Culture 3. 7Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank 3. 8Organizational Structure 3. 9Management of Rajuk avenue Branch organ gram 3. 10Management of EXIM Bank Ltd 3. 11Social Commitments 3. 11. 1EXIM Bank Foundation and CSR Activities 3. 11. . 1Healthcare service 3. 11. 1. 2Scholarship program for brilliant poor student 3. 11. 1. 3Helping people affected by natural calamities 3. 11. 1. 4Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan) 3. 11. 1. 5Helping people in slum areas 3. 11. 1. 6Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab 3. 11. 1. 7 Beautification of Dhaka City 3. 12Achie vement 3. 12. 1First private sector bank to open exchange house in UK: 3. 12. 2Implementation of the world renowned Core Banking Software (TEMENOS T24) 3. 12. 3Conversion from Conventional Banking to Shariah Based Islamic Banking . 13Performance of EXIM Bank Ltd. 3. 14Shariah Board 3. 14. 1Shariah Auditing 3. 14. 2Banking with shariah principles 3. 15SWIFT Services 3. 15. 1SWIFT Network 3. 15. 2SWIFT is the logical choice for most international financial transactions 3. 15. 3SWIFT Messages 3. 16ATM Network 3. 17List of Branches 4Theoretical Aspect of Credit Management and Credit Policy 4. 1Credit Policy 4. 1. 1Definition of Credit Policy 4. 1. 2Purposes of Credit Policy 4. 1. 3Formulation of a Credit Policy 4. 1. 4Essential Components of a Sound Credit Policy 4. 1. 5Lending Guidelines 4. 1. Focus on Industry and Business Segment 4. 1. 7Types of Credit Facilities: Bank will go for 4. 2Credit Management 4. 2. 1 Process of Credit Management 4. 2. 2 Policy guidelines 4. 2. 3 Program gui delines 4. 2. 4Tools of Credit Management 4. 2. 5Definition of Credit Risk Grading(CRG) 4. 2. 6Use of Credit Risk Grading 4. 2. 7Number and short name of grades used in the CRG 4. 2. 8Financial Spread Sheet in Credit Management Part B Project Analysis 5Investment Case by EXIM Bank 5. 1Introduction 5. 2 Economic Sector Wise Distribution of Fund 5. 3 Nature Wise Distribution of Loans and Advances . 4 Maturity Grouping of Distribution of Loans and Advances 5. 5Securities in Credit Management 5. 6Practical Cases 6Recovery of Investment Fund 6. 1Loan Recovery Programs 6. 2Recovery Programs taken by EXIM Bank 6. 3 Recovery Patterns of loan and advance 6. 4 Problems in loan recovery 7Classified Loan & Bank’s Performance 7. 1Introduction 7. 2Signs for Classification 7. 3Performance of EXIM Bank Limited 7. 4Evaluation of credit management of EXIM Bank from the customers’ point of view 7. 5Concluding Remarks Findings & Recommendation Bibliography Chapter 01 About The Report 1. O rigin of the Report Present world is changing rapidly to face the challenge of competitive free market economy. To keep place with the trend every organization need executive with modern knowledge. To provide fresh graduate with modern theoretical and professional knowledge in banking and all other different institution management, IBAIS University has assigned the internship program for the students to help them out to have a practical knowledge to work in a real official environment. Under this course the students are sent to gather practical knowledge about working environment and activities.As a prerequisite for the Bachelor of Business Administration Degree I was required to complete this internship program in a suitable business organization. I had been selected to work as an Internee in Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited, Rajuk Avenue Branch for a period of 3 months from October 13, 2012 to January 12, 2012. Md. Moidul Islam, Senior Vice President, HR division, Export I mport Bank of Bangladesh Limited appointed me as an Internee. After discussion and getting consent, I started to work on the project titled Accounting Performance on Credit Management and legal Settlement at EXIM Bank Ltd an overview†. . 2 Background of the Report For completion of the BBA degree all of the IBAIS University, students have to go through an internship program in an organization. For this reason BBA students require to undergraduate internship program where they match practical knowledge with that of theoretical knowledge which the acquired throughout the degree. The degree doesn’t complete unless a written report submitted to the faculty, basing on what have the students learned through the internship program. Being a student of BBA, I have the opportunity to work at EXIM BANK Ltd.Rajuk Avenue Branch. This report is prepared based on by observation during the tenor I was with them. 1. 3 Objects of the study The main objective of the study is the evaluatio n â€Å"Commercial Bank Credit Management EXIM Bank Ltd. † To achieve the main objectives, the study covers the following specific objectives. ?To understand the Commercial Bank Credit Management and its overview ? To know about the banking operation. ?To understand the different services provided by the bank ? To gather practical knowledge on Banking & to compare theory with ongoing practices. To present the suggestions to solve identified problems. 1. 4 Methodology of the study For the organization part, much information will be collected from different published articles, journals, brochures and web sites. All the information incorporated in this report will be collected both from the primary sources and as well as from the secondary sources. Here all the customers of EXIM Bank Ltd. who come to Rajuk Avenue Branch and related with the branch at least two years for doing various financial transaction constitute the total population of the study.The total samples are thirty clients who are related with the bank at least two years or more. I think they may represent the whole population. Each client who is conducting their business two years or more with Rajuk avenue Branch is a sample unit. 1. 4. 1Primary Source of Data Collecting data directly from the practical field is called primary source of data. The method that will be used to collect the primary data is as follows: Primary Sources are: †¢Face to face conversation with the employees. †¢Appointment with the top officials of the Bank. †¢By interviewing customers of the Bank. 1. 4. Secondary Sources of Date The secondary data will be collected from the MIS of EXIM Bank. To clarify different conceptual matters, internet and different articles published in the journals & magazines will be used. Secondary Sources are: ?Annual Reports of EXIM Bank ?Other published documents of Bangladesh Bank. ?Office files and documents ?Study related books and journals ?Group Instruction Manual & Busin ess Instruction Manual ?Web sites 1. 5 Data Processing & Analysis Collected information have then processed & compiled with the aid of MS Word, Excel & other related computer software.Necessary tables have been prepared on the basis of collected data and various statistical techniques have been applied to analyses on the basis of classified information. 1. 6 Limitations of the study In spite of having the wholehearted effort, there were some limitations, which acted as a barrier to conduct the program and for doing an empirical research work. The limitations were: ?The study was limited only to the EXIM Bank Limited. ?Another Problem was time constraints. The duration of my internship Program was only three months. But this allocated time is not enough for a complete and fruitful study. The Bank was a busy one having heavy rush of people, whom officers need to deal with. So allocation of time for an internee is very much tough for the officers of the bank. ?Bank is a sophisticate bu siness sector. So bank do not interested to provide me confidential data. As a result in my report there is a confidential data limitation. ?Non availability of up to date data. ?EXIM Bank is an Islamic bank for that reason I face some problems to understand their products & facilities they provide. Because some of the rules of the Islamic banking are deferent from the general banking rules ?The department people always remain busy due to lack of supporting employees so they could not dedicate their full efforts. Chapter 02 Banking in Bangladesh 2. 1 Introduction Bank is an establishment which makes such advances of money to individual, as may be required with which individuals entrust money when not required by them for use. A bank is one, who in the ordinary course of his business receives money which he repays by honouring cheques of persons from whom or on whose account he receives it. Banks deal mainly with money and credit. They purchase and sell money and credit. . 2 Evolutio n of the word â€Å"Bank† Etymology deals with the roots and origin of the word ‘bank’. Regarding etymology or origin of the word bank there is no unanimous opinion among the writers of banking. According to some writers the word bank derived from the word BANCO, BANCUS, BANQUE, and BANC, all of which mean bench upon which the early bankers used to display their coins and transact business in the market place. According to the some other writers the word ‘bank’ has been derived from the German word ‘BANKE’ which means a joint stock fund.The 1st version is widely accepted because at one time the banking history, money changing was looked upon as the most widely accepted function of a banker. Banking in the ancient times was largely confined to money changing and money lending. 2. 3 Emergence of Modern Banking In middle Europe the bankers of Lombardy were very famous. To them belongs the credit of modern banking. In other words they plante d the seed of modern banking in England. They settled in London at a place known as Lombard Street. Florence was the capital of Lombardy. Lombardy was a province in North Italy.Most of the prominent bankers of their present were from Lombardy. Among those prominent bankers we can named one who were famous not only in banking but also in political history in Europe. These Lombardy people were very much disturbed in 13’s by internecine work which was followed by plunder by Kaiser Frederick two. Lombardy people in large number as a result started migrating to more settled countries such as England, French, and Belgium. In England these Lombardy people brought the idea of modern banking and thus England becomes the home of modern banking. . 4 Bank Development in Bangladesh Indigenous banking in Bangladesh is as old as banking in other parts of the world. Money used to be accepted as a deposit and advances used to be given. During Mughal period, indigenous banking flourished. The subarna banik the bullion trading community used to do banking in the then Bengal. Subsequently, larger banking in Bangladesh was gradually taken over by the upcountry bankers who were known as Seth, shah etc. but subarna baniks continued to operate in rural Bengal.With the British gradually coming over to Bengal and settling here, banking in the form of agency house, exchanging house started to flourish in kolkata. Entry of the Bengalese into banking started in the part of this century, especially in the wake of the swadeshi movement. In 1947 after the separation of India and Pakistan, bank business faced a severe disaster as non-Muslim bankers migrated to India. In order to rebuild the bank business State bank of Pakistan was established as a central bank of Pakistan in 1948. In 1971 Bangladesh became independent.After liberation â€Å"Bangladesh bank was automated with the asset and liabilities of former â€Å"State bank of Pakistan†. There were several banks before indep endence of Bangladesh as follows: (1) The national bank of Pakistan (2)The bank of Vowalpur ltd. (3)The premier bank ltd. (4)The Habib bank ltd. (5)The commerce bank ltd. (6)The united bank ltd. (7)The union bank ltd. (8)The Muslim commercial bank ltd. (9)The standard bank ltd. (10) The Australasia bank ltd. (11) The eastern mercantile bank ltd. (12) The eastern banking corporation ltd. Bangladesh Bank nationalization Order promulgated on 26 March in 1972.After the liberation war the above 1st three banks were converted to The Sonali Bank, The 2nd two banks were converted to The Agrani Bank, the next two banks were converted to The Janata Bank, the next three banks were converted to The Rupali Bank, the next one bank was converted to The Pubali Bank and the last bank was converted to The Uttara Bank. Banks in Bangladesh have correspondent relationship with other banks in foreign countries in order to sell their services or to purchase services from them. A summary picture of the cou ntry's commercial banks is presented in the table on Banks of Bangladesh.Statement of Banks in the year 2011 Name of BankBranchesCorrespondent Banks Sonali Bank1307 (1)*369 Janata Bank898 (4)1160 Agrani Bank903980 Rupali Bank514 (1)160 Pubali Bank350433 Uttara Bank198300 National Bank66143 The City Bank 76252 United Commercial Bank79110 Arab – Bangladesh Bank62 (1)310 IFIC Bank54 (2)200 Islami Bank Bangladesh109650 Al-Baraka Bank Bangladesh34117 Eastern Bank2137 National Credit & Commerce Bank27232 Prime Bank20198 South-East Bank12190 Dhaka Bank12271 Al-Arafa Islami Bank 34127 Social Investment Bank1252 Dutch-Bangla Bank69 Mercantile Bank89 Standard Bank913 One Bank155EXIM Bank37 Premier Bank 411 First Security Bank13 Mutual Trust Bank214 Bank Asia 55 Trust Bank525 Bangladesh Commerce Bank2413 * Figures in parentheses indicate number of overseas branches 2. 5 Concluding Note Today’s bank in Bangladesh has not developed over night. Before and after independence of Bangl adesh the concept of bank was developed in Bangladesh gradually. So I can easily say that bank history is as ancient as the human civilization. Chapter 03 EXIM Bank at a Glance 3. 1 Historical Background of EXIM Bank Ltd EXIM Bank Limited was established in 1999 under the leadership of Late Mr.Shahjahan Kabir, founder chairman who had a long dream of floating a commercial bank which would contribute to the socio-economic development of our country. He had a long experience as a good banker. A group of highly qualified and successful entrepreneurs joined their hands with the founder chairman to materialize his dream. Indeed, all of them proved themselves in their respective business as most successful star with their endeavor, intelligence, hard working and talent entrepreneurship. Among them, Mr. Nazrul Islam Mazumder became the honorable chairman after the demise of the honorable founder chairman.This bank starts functioning from 3rd August, 1999 with Mr. Alamgir Kabir, FCA as the advisor and Mr. Mohammad Lakiotullah as the Managing Director. Both of them have long experience in the financial sector of our country. By their pragmatic decision and management directives in the operational activities, this bank has earned a secured and distinctive position in the banking industry in terms of performance, growth, and excellent management. The authorized capital and paid up capital of the bank are Tk. 3500. 00 million and Tk 2677. 80 million respectively.The bank has migrated all of its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking since July/2004. 3. 2 Profile of EXIM Bank †¢Legal Status. Public Limited Company †¢Establish 1999 †¢Incorporated 2nd June,1999 †¢Activity Starts 3rd August,1999 †¢Islamic Banking 1st July,2004 †¢Listing with Dhaka Stock Exchange September, 2006. Listing with Chittagong Stock Exchange September, 2006. †¢Inauguration of First Branch 3rd August, 1999. †¢Authorized Capital TK. 10 00Million †¢Profit TK 4967563969 million †¢Total Asset TK 41793540. 962 million †¢Shares TK 2233254288 million †¢Paid up Capital TK 878. 5 Million †¢Reserve Fund TK 569. 98 Million †¢Number of Employees 1630 Persons †¢No. of Branches 52 †¢Proposed Branches 08 3. 3 Credit Rating oLong Term A-(Adequate Safety) oShort Term ST-3 (Good Grade) 3. 4 Vision and Mission ?To be the finest bank in the banking arena of Bangladesh under the Shariah guidelines. Contribute significantly to the national economy ?To maintain Corporate and business ethics. ?To become a trusted repository of customers' money and their financial advisor. ?To make our stock superior and rewarding to the customers/share holders. ?To display team spirit and professionalism. ?To have a Sound Capital Base. ?To provide high quality financial services in export and import trade. ?To provide excellent quality Customer service ?To provide standard financial services. ?Wealth maximizat ion 3. 5 Functions of the EXIM Bank Ltd ?The main task of the EXIM Bank Ltd. s to accept deposit from various customers through various accounts. ?Provides loans on easy terms and condition. ?The bank invest it fund in to profitable sector. ?It transfers money by Demand Draft, Pay Order, on line and Telegraph Transfer. ?The bank is doing the transaction of bill exchange, cheque etc. on behalf of the clients. ?EXIM Bank assists in the foreign exchange by issuing LC. ?Above all, EXIM Bank helps the businessmen financially by giving discount facility for bill of exchange and by providing the facility of letter of guarantee. 3. 6 Corporate CultureThis bank is one of the most disciplined Banks with a distinctive corporate culture. The bank believes in shared meaning, shared understanding and shared sense making. The employee of the bank can see and understand events, activities, objects and situation in a distinctive way. They mould their manners and etiquette, character individually to suit the purpose of the Bank and the needs of the customers who are of paramount importance to the bank. The people in the Bank see themselves as a tight knit team/family that believes in working together for growth.The corporate culture we belong has not been imposed; it has rather been achieved through our corporate conduct 3. 7 Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank Human resource is the fundamental asset of the organization. Human resource approach is concerned with the growth and development of people toward higher level of competency, creativity and fulfillment. Therefore, human resources development has been given its due importance in an environment that’s values performance, teamwork, fairness and integrity, it has both quantities dimension .EXIM Bank recognizes that intellectual capital is the most important asset for a financial institution. Without proper and efficient human resources, no organization. The Bank believes that the professional competence Bank person al and its commitment for accomplishing assigned responsibilities are a first line of defense to prevent irregularities. †¢The objectives of Human Resource Management of EXIM Bank are as follows: oConduction of job analysis. oPlanning employee needs and recruiting job candidate. oSelecting job candidates. Orienting and training of new employees. oManaging wages and salaries (compensating Employees). oProviding incentives and benefits. oAppraising performance. oCommunicating (Interview, counseling, disciplining) oTraining and developing managers. oBuilding employee commitment. 3. 8 Organizational Structure 3. 9 Management of Rajuk Avenue Branch Organ gram 3. 10 Management of EXIM Bank Ltd Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the work of organization member and of using all available resources to reach stated organizational goals.The strength of the bank depends of the strength of its management team. EXIM Bank is proud to have a team of high ly motivated, well-educated and experienced executive who have been contributing substantially to the continued progress of the bank. Managerial effectiveness has been measured in EXIM Bank in terms of come selected criteria such deposit mobilization, loans and advances made, loan recovery, profitability’s and productivity, it has been found that EXIM Bank is effective in respect of branch expansion, loan disbursement, loan recovery etc.With a short span of time, EXIM Bank has become one of the leading and most successful bank not only among the third generation banks but also it superseded many other bank and financial institutions belonging to second and even first generation banks from the point of view under the dynamic leadership of its management. Management is trying to support and assist well motivated and experienced affairs to run day to day affairs of the bank smoothly.For maintains quality management, its required to train up more official at head office and branc h level in respect of sanctioning, disbursement and recovery of credit, project appraisals, customer services etc 3. 11 Social Commitments 3. 11. 1 EXIM Bank Foundation and CSR Activities At least 2% of the annual profit of every year is put aside for the foundation to conduct Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) activities. The mainstream CSR activities that are carried out through this foundation are:- †¢Healthcare service. †¢Scholarship program for brilliant poor student. †¢Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan). Helping people affected by natural calamities. †¢Helping people in slum areas. †¢Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab. †¢Beautification of Dhaka City. 3. 11. 1. 1 Healthcare service A 5 storied building having 10,000 sft floor space at 840 Kazi Para, Rokeya Sarani, Mirpur, Dhaka-1216 has been hired to set up EXIM Bank Hospital. The decoration of this hospital is going on in full swing. A doctor has been recr uited who is working as a resident director of the hospital. Other doctors and hospital staffs have been in the process of selection through recruitment notice already published in the national dailies.They will be appointed as soon as the decoration of the hospital is complete. 3. 11. 1. 2 Scholarship program for brilliant poor student This is a stipend package for poor and meritorious students that take care of the beneficiaries throughout their student life. EXIM Bank Scholarship Programme, launched in 2006 with 61 poor and meritorious students selected from different reputed educational institutions of Dhaka City including Govt. Laboratory High School, Viqarunnissa Noon School and College, Dhaka University, BUET, Dhaka Medical College, etc. nrolled as many as 1000 students from around 150 reputed educational institutions across the country by 31 December 2008. They are enrolled in the this programme to be taken care of for their whole educational life subject to their fulfilment of the eligibility criteria that include satisfactory academic results, non-involvement in student politics, financial insolvency etc. So far Tk. 19. 3 million has been disbursed as scholarship under this programme. 3. 11. 1. 3 Helping people affected by natural calamities Another vital area we are dealing with as part of our CSR activities is helping people survive natural calamities.Under this welfare programmer, EXIM Bank provides relief in cash and kind for flood, fire or cyclone victims and cold-stricken people. The aim of these CSR activities is to help the target group overcome their provisional handicap and contribute to the socio-economic growth as soon as possible. 3. 11. 1. 4 Education Promotion Scheme (Interest free loan) Under Education Promotion Scheme, quard or interest-free loan is provided for poor and meritorious students to help them bear monthly educational expenditure including academic expenses, food, accommodation, etc.The quard is disbursed to the selected s tudents in monthly installments till their accomplishing the master degree. Under this programme the students are required to repay the amount (only the principal amount) in long-term monthly installments after they have joined a confirmed job accomplishing their education properly. By 31 December 2008, Tk. 19. 7 million was sanctioned to take care of around 138 poor and meritorious students from a number of reputed educational institutions like Dhaka University, Chittagong University, Dhaka Medical College, BUET, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology etc. . 11. 1. 5 Helping people in slum areas Besides natural calamities, fire breaks out sometimes in slum areas that guts the shanties and renders the affected people totally helpless. In that situation, we help the victims fight against the hard days and return to normal life. 3. 11. 1. 6 Donation to educational institutions to setup computer lab We have donated to Dhaka University and Chi ttagong University to set up two computer labs that help the students of those universities acquire ICT knowledge. This will certainly help the students to be ready to take the challenges of this information society. 3. 11. 1. Beautification of Dhaka City In response to the call of the Dhaka City Corporation, EXIM Bank has been sharing a good portion of the mammoth task of beautifying the capital since 2005. To make the capital a modern city enriched with adequate urban amenities, EXIM Bank always joins hands with the government. 3. 12 Achievement 3. 12. 1 First private sector bank to open exchange house in UK In order to ensure delivery of smooth and most reliable remittance services to NRBs living and working in UK, Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited (EXIM Bank) has started operation of its wholly owned subsidiary â€Å"EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd†. n 30th June 2009 in London, United Kingdom, one of the oldest destinations for the expatriate Bangladeshis. It is the first exchange house owned by a Bangladeshi private bank. Bangladesh Bank Governor Dr. Atiur Rahman inaugurated the exchange house as the Chief Guest, while H. E. Dr. M. Sayeedur Rahman Khan, Honorable High Commissioner, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, was present in the program as special guest. Chairman of EXIM Bank and Director of EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd. Mr.Md Nazrul Islam Mazumder presided over the program. Deputy High Commissioner Mr. Allamah Siddique, Director of EXIM Bank Mr. Muhammed Nurul Fazal Bulbul, Mrs Nasrin Islam, Mr. Abdullah-Al-Zahir Swapan, Mr. Md. Shahidullah, Managing Director of EXIM Bank Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman and local elites were also present in the opening ceremony. With the opening of EXIM Exchange the Bangladeshi expatriates will now be able to send remittances to their family members back home within shortest possible time through online transfer to all the branches of EXIM Bank.EXIM Exchange Company (UK) Ltd is located at the Universal House of Wentworth Street London which is a very convenient location for the Bangladeshi community and business houses. Unlike any other exchange company operating in UK, as EXIM Exchange is completely owned and supervised by EXIM Bank under the approval of Bangladesh Bank and UK regulators, it is expected to be the most reliable and trusted Exchange House for the NRBs. 3. 12. 2 Implementation of the world renowned Core Banking Software (TEMENOS T24)All the branches of EXIM Bank have been using branch based banking software named PcBank2000 developed by Leads Corporation, Bangladesh. In order to replace this software with a centralized Shariah Based Islami Banking software, the bank management has made an agreement woth TEMENOS Switzerland to implement its world renowned Core Banking Software T24. Implementation of this software has been started at the end of the year 2007. A team comprising very skilled employees from both business and IT of the bank has been working day and night for implementing the Software. The team has been given training on the software from Chennai, India.Working very hard with the foreign consultants during the last one and half year, this team has successfully migrated our Motijheel branch and Head Office on 03/05/2009 after completing gap analysis, customization of the software and User Acceptance Test (UAT). The Motijheel branch and Head Office are now running on T24. This centralized software is capable enough to provide all sorts of electronic banking service to the valued customers through various electronic delivery channels. Bashundhara Branch has started to use this software from 17th March, 2010 3. 12. 3 Conversion from Conventional Banking to Shariah Based ISLAMI BankingIt is a great pleasure that by the grace of Almighty Allah, the bank migrated at a time all the branches from its conventional banking operation into Shariah based Islami banking operation without any trouble. Lot of uncertainties and adversities were there into this migration process. The officers and executives of our bank motivated the valued customers by counseling and persuasion in light with the spirit of Islam especially for the non-Muslim customers. Our IT division has done the excellent job of converting and fitting the conventional business processes into the processes based on Shariah.It has been made possible by following a systematic procedure of migration under the leadership of honorable Managing Director. 3. 13 Performance of EXIM Bank Ltd The business of banking consists of borrowing and lending. As in other businesses, operation must be based on capital but banks employ comparatively small of their own capital in relation to the total volume of their transaction. The purpose of capital on reserve accounts is primary to provide an ultimate cover against losses on loans investments. In Bangladesh, there are many types of banks which are formed as commercial banks.But above all, EXIM Bank of Bangladesh limited is a new generation of private commercial bank. The full abbreviation of EXIM Bank Ltd. The bank has got lending personalities business man and reputed industrialist as its sponsors. The bank will be immensely benefited from the valuable advice of the experienced sponsors of the bank. The late chairmen of the bank contribute much for the solid foundation of the bank at the initial stage. Unfortunately his untimely death caused a vacuum leadership of the bank. But within shortest possible time, the sponsors who in a position to select the next Chairman of the Bank.Performance of the EXIM Bank Ltd. During 2008 in all business arenas like deposit, investment and Foreign Exchange exceeded performance of the previous years. The Bank achieved satisfactory progress in all areas. Growth in deposit mobilization is 48. 44%, Investments 34. 73%, Import 54. 74%, and Export Business 39. 55%. 3. 14 Shariah Board The Board of directors has formed a Sharia Supervisory Board for the Bank. Their dut y is to monitor the entire Bank’s transactional procedures, & assuring its Sharia compliancy.This Board consists of the following members headed by its Chairman The tasks of the Sharia supervisor in summary is replying to queries of the Bank’s administration, staff members, shareholders, depositors, & customers, follow up with the Sharia auditors and provide them with guidance, submitting reports & remarks to the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board and the administration, participating in the Bank’s training programs, participating in the supervision over the AlIqtisad AlIslami magazine, & handling the duty of being the General Secretary of the Board.Members of Shariah Council: Professor Moulana Mohammad Salah Uddin Mr. Md. Nazrul Islam Mazumder Moulana Mohammad Sadequl Islam Mr. A. K. M Nurul Fazal Bulbul Professor H. M. Shahidul Islam Barakaty Mr. Md. Abdul Mannan Mr. A. S. M. Fakhrul Ahsan Mr. Zubayer Kabir Hafez Moulana Mufti Mohammad Khair Ullah Mr. Abdullah A l-Zahir Sawpan Hafez Quari Moulana Mufti Mohammad Nur Uddin Mr. Kazi Masihur Rahman 3. 14. 1 Shariah Auditing This is the civil supervisory aspect that shapes the Bank’s main feature.Its existence is part of the Sharia Supervision procedures. One of its main tasks is to check the Sharia compliancy in the Bank’s transactional procedures in accordance to the Fatwas issued in that regard, under the guidanceoftheShariaSupervisor. The Sharia auditor is assigned the task of revising the Bank’s transactional procedures throughout the year to check the extent to which the staff members and the different departments have abided by the regulations, advices, and Fatwas issued by the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board, forums, & banking conferences.As well as, assuring that all the contracts that states a right for the Bank or an obligation on the Bank is certified by the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board. Moreover, the Sharia Auditing submits periodic reports to the Sharia Su pervisor in order to be proposed to the Fatwa & Sharia Supervision Board to state what it finds appropriate in that regard. 3. 14. 2 Banking with shariah principles Export Import Bank of Bangladesh Limited is the 1st bank in Bangladesh that has converted all of its operations of conventional banking into shariah-based banking since July/2004.We offer banking services for Muslims and non-Muslims alike allowing our customers choice and flexibility in their savings and investments. Our products are approved by our Shariah Board comprising of veteran Muslim scholars of our country who are expert in all matters of Islamic finance. The process by which Noriba's investments are designed and executed allows the Bank to offer a combination of Sharia compliance and capital markets expertise that is unique throughout the world.Noriba is committed to the strict adherence to the requirements of the Sharia as a result of the Bank's sole focus on Sharia-compliant investments and the full supervisi on of its financial products and transactions by the Noriba Sharia Board. Noriba experts specifically design each of the Bank's investment vehicles with the approval of the Noriba Sharia Board. Once the given product or transaction has been arranged, the Noriba Sharia Board carefully screens it for compliance before giving final approval for its implementation.This control mechanism guarantees that all aspects of Noriba's final products and banking transactions are in adherence with the guidelines of the Sharia. 3. 15 SWIFT Services The SWIFT Service helped in sending and receiving the messages and instructions related to NOSTRO Account operations and L/C related matters. The banks have brought 11 of branches under SWIFT network. Other branches will come under the network hopefully by the 2005. SWIFT aims to provide a prompt and efficient service to help you gain the most from our products. As a part of this service a documentation set is supplied with each product.This Guide is a p art of that documentation set and contains as comprehensive and as up-to-date a description of the product as possible. 3. 15. 1 SWIFT Network SWIFT or the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication is a cooperative institution established in 1973 by a group of banks to manage their international telecommunications activities. Now over 2900 member banks, and regularly processes in excess of three million banking messages per day between banks in over 150 countries around the world own SWIFT. 3. 15. 2 SWIFT is the logical choice for most international financial transactionsWith over 5900 connections among the world's major banks, the chance is high that for any given transaction the bank you are dealing with is a SWIFT user. The SWIFT network provides facilities for ensuring that messages are transmitted in standard, internationally accepted formats, simplifying processing and permitting end to end automation of many banking transactions. SWIFT is highly secure, with elaborate mechanisms to ensure that information remains confidential, authentic and intact. With an extremely low unit transaction cost, SWIFT is nearly always the most cost-effective means of transmitting an international message. . 15. 3 SWIFT Messages In addition to its role as network provider, SWIFT is responsible for defining and maintaining standards for international banking telecommunications. Standards are necessary to ensure that banks understand the messages that they send to each other, and to allow them to process messages automatically. A. SWIFT message also comprises: ?Header containing the addresses of sending and receiving banks, the Message Type, Message priority, Delivery Monitoring Field, Obsolescence Period, Banking Priority. ?The usage and contents of SWIFT Message Headers and Trailers are more fully treated in the SWIFT.B. The advantages of SWIFT Message Types are: ?Predictability: Depending on the type of message, the format of the message can be predicted exactly, simplifying automation. ?Diversity: A specific Message Type exists for most banking activities. In order to use SWIFT Message Types and the SWIFT network, however, banks have to employ strict controls on the ways that messages are prepared to ensure that standards are respected and that the control Header and Trailer are complete and accurate. For this reason, most banks employ specialized computer software, such as PC Connect, to perform message preparation and processing. . 16 ATM Network The bank has already floated tender in the national dailies to setup a network of 60 ATMs and 350 POS machines. The job of ATM interfacing with the Core Banking Software is going on. Insha-Allah, by the end of this year, at least 10 ATMs will come under our own ATM network. 3. 17 List of Branches Dhaka Division ASHUGANJ BRANCH Address: Haji Zahirul Haque Munshi Shoping Complex, Ashugonj, Brahmanbaria. Phone: 01713-063433 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08528-7456ASHULIA BRANCH Addre ss: Rifat Square Plaza, Jamgora, Ashulia, Dhaka. Phone: 7789978,01755-583690 Email: [email  protected] om Fax: 7789480 BANANI BRANCH Address: Kazi's Haritage Road # 11, House # 49, Block # H, Banani, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8837871-3, 8837874, 01713-040588,01755-584939. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8837875BASHUNDHARA ROAD BRANCH Address: KA-11/4, Bashundhara Road, Badda, Dhaka-1212. Phone: 02-8415154, 01730-357952 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8413883 BOARD BAZAR BRANCH Address: Afzal Tower, Board Bazar, National University,Gazipur. Phone: 9293053, 01713-229344. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 9293054DHANMONDI BRANCH Address: House # 4/A, Plot # 4, Road # 16 (Old-27) Dhanmondi, Dhaka.Email: [email  protected] com ELEPHANT ROAD BRANCH Address: 218, Elephant Road, Bata Signal, Dhaka – 1205. Phone: 02-9667097-8, 01714-021767. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9667267FARIDPUR BRANCH Address: Faridpur Plaza,10, Thana Road, Faridpur. Phone: 0631-6117 0, 61128, 61174. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0631-61182 GAZIPUR CHOWRASTA BRANCH Address: Nasir Super Market(1st Floor), Chandana Chowrasta, Gazipur, Dhaka. Phone: 02-9263537, 9263538, 9256492, 01713-145498 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9256493 GULSHAN BRANCH Address: 75, Gulshan Avenue, Gulshan-1, Dhaka.Phone: 02-9862262, 9886296, 8819711, 01711-404821 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8818703 HEAD OFFICE CORPORATE BRANCH Address: Symphony, Plot# SE(F):9, Road# 142, Gulshan Avenue, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8828985, 9884753, 9889567. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8828962IMAMGONJ BRANCH Address: Haji Abdul Kader Mansion, 139 Chawk Mogoltuliy, Imamgonj, Dhaka Phone: 02-7315527-8, 01730-019954 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-7315530 KARWAN BAZAR BRANCH Address: BGMEA Complex (2nd Floor), 23/1 Panthapath Link Road, Karwan Bazar, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8140204-6.Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-8140200KERANIGONJ BRANCH Address: Rashed Iron Mar ket, Bond Dakpara, Zinzira Highway Road, Keranigonj, Dhaka. Phone: 02-7763691,02-7763692, 01730-706768. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-7763692 MALIBAGH BRANCH Address: 484, DIT Road, Malibagh, Dhaka – 1217. Phone: 02-9338578, 8319076, 01730-069695 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9357057 MAWNA BRANCH Address: Kitab Ali Plaza, Mawna Chowrasta, Sreepur, Gazipur. Phone: 06825 – 52359, 06825-52831, 06825-52830, 01713-099837, 01713-361833. Email: [email  protected] om Fax: 06825-52359 MIRPUR BRANCH Address: Srayoshe Tower, Plot # 7, Rokeya Swarani, 10 No. Crossing, Mirpur, Dhaka – 1212. Phone: 02-8054226, 8056776, 8033801. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8035668 MOTIJHEEL BRANCH Address: Sharif Mansion, 56-57,Motijheel C/A, Dhaka. Phone: 9568534, 9552800, 9568093, 9554988, 9554988, Dir-9553778 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9569983 NARAYANGONJ BRANCH Address: 50, SM Maleh Road, Sattar Tower, Tanbazar, Narayangonj Phone: 764 0213, 7640214, 01711-439385 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7640215NAWABPUR BRANCHAddress: 198/1, Nawabpur Road, Dhaka – 1100 Phone: 7125306, 7125307 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-7125308 NARIA BRANCH Address: Janakallan Bipony (1st Floor), Naria Bazar, Shariatpur. Phone: 0601-59135, 0601-59136, 01730-018970, 01730-018971 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0601-159124NEW ESKATON BRANCH Address: 27/1, New Eskaton Road, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8314159, 8314435, 9352854 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9349196 PALTAN BRANCH Address: Swadesh Tower, 41/6, Purana Paltan, Box Culvert Road, Dhaka-1000. Phone: 02-9513573, 02-9513574. Email: [email  protected] comFax: 02-9513572PANCHABOTI BRANCH Address: Atlanta Plaza (2nd Floor), Panchaboti, Fatullah, Narayangonj. Phone: 02-7672807,01730-001241 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 02-7672806 PANTHAPATH BRANCH Address: 19/2, West Panthapath, North Dhanmondi, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8124261, 9145911, 8141764, 9102671(E XP),9101334(IMP), 9101332(INV). Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8126191RAJUK AVENUE BRANCH Address: 9, D. I. T Avenue, Ali Bhaban, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka- 1000 Phone: 02-9556884, 9565397, 9567115, 01713-164698 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-9555132 SAT MASJID ROAD BRANCHAddress: 47, Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka – 1209. Phone: 02-8118680, 9142073, 8141249, 01730-061460. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8142232SAVAR BRANCH Address: B-71, Rana Tower,Bazar Road, Savar, Dhaka. Phone: 7742883, 01755-575408. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7742882 SHIMRAIL BRANCH Address: Haji Ahasanullah Super Market, Chittagnong RD, Siddirgonj, Narayangonj. Phone: 7694672-3 (EXT. 101), 01714-038149, 01819-253283. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 7694268SONARGAON BRANCH Address: Zohra Mansion, Mograpara, Sonargaon, Narayangonj. Phone: 0672-356103, 0672-356205, 01755-584938Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0672-356155 UTTARA BRANCH Address: House # 61/A , Road # 7, Sector # 4, Uttara Model Town, Dhaka. Phone: 02-8919785. 8952847,01714-041406 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-2-8952838 Chittagong Division AGRABAD BRANCH Address: Mawla Chember, 6 Agrabad C/A, Chittagong. Phone:031-727657,727658,2510733, 2511264,01711-898224 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-715796BAHADDARHAT BRANCH Address: Khaza Super Market, 680/A, Arakan Road, Bahoddarhat, Chittagong. Phone:031-2555056,031-2555058, 01730031489. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-2555057BASURHAT BRANCH Address: Jharna Shopping Complex, Basurhat Bazar, Companygonj, Noakhali. Phone: 03223-56060, 03223-56073, 01755-594105, 01755-594112. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03223-56575CDA AVENUE BRANCH Address: Commerce View Complex,191, East Nasirabad, Chittagong. Phone: 031-652074, 657609, 01713396538 (G. B. Dept), 01730452371 (FEX Dept). Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-653026. CHHAGALNAIYA BRANCH Address: H. S Plaza, Matin Road, Chhagalnaiya, Feni. Phone : 03322-78018, 01713-193388. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03322-78188. CHOWMUHANI BRANCHAddress: 60/231, D. B. Road, Chowmuhani,Begumgonj, Noakhali. Phone: 0321 – 52700, 51034, 01714-084311. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0321 – 51034. COMILLA BRANCH Address: Goni Bhuiyan Mansion, A. K Fazlul Haque Road, Monoharpur, Comilla. Phone: 081 – 61850,01713-396537, 01973-229330 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 081-61722FENI BRANCH Address: Chistiya Trade Center, 308-310, S. S. K. Road, Feni . Phone: 0331-74060-1, 01730-001242. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0331-74062 KHATUNGONJ BRANCH Address: Union Square Building, 1078, Ramjoy Mahajan Lane, Khatungonj, Chittagong.Phone: 031-615544, 610711,2851291, 01711-898223, 01713-229384 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-639080LAKSHAM BRANCH Address: Sufia Complex, Doulotgonj Bazar, Laksham, Comilla. Phone: 08032 – 51333, 01711-726302 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08032-51252 MODAFFARGO NJ BRANCH Address: Alam Highway Supermarket (1st Floor), Modafforgonj, Laksham, Comilla. Phone: 01730-061455, 01730-061456 Email: [email  protected] com PAHARTOLI BRANCH Address: Noor Jahan Tower, Alanker More, Pahartoli, Chittagong. Phone: 031-2771695, 2771696, 01714-166966 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-750065SHITAKUNDA BRANCH Address: KDS Logistics Building, Sonaichhori, Sitakunda, Chittagong. Phone: 03042-51093, 01713-229338. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 031-2528900 SONAIMURI BRANCH Address: Mohammadia Super Market, Sonaimuri Bazar, Sonaimuri, Noakhali. Phone: 03227-51057, 03227-51058, 01711-750610, 01711-885754 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 03227-5105 THAKUR BAZAR KRISHI / SME BRANCH Address: Toffazal Hossain Chowdhury Market, Thakur Bazar, Shahrasti, Chandpur. Phone: 08427-56873, 08427-56878, 01730-373897. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08427-56874 Rajshahi DivisionBOGRA BRANCH Address: Sheikh Mansion, Baragola, Bogra Phone: 051-60702, 60703, 6 0705 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-51-60704 RAJSHAHI BRANCH Address: Mollah Super Market, Zero Point, Shaheb Bazar, Rajshahi. Phone: 0721-772004,772005 ,01730-097272. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0721-772004 Syhlet Division BEANIBAZAR BRANCH Address: Zaman Plaza(1st Floor), Beanibazar, Sylhet. Phone: 08223-56108,08223-56109, 01730-019951, 01730-452002 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08223-56110 BISWANATH BRANCH Address: Al Madina Complex, Puran Bazar, Jagannathpur Road, Biswanath, Sylhet.Phone: 08224-56219,08224-56218,01730-735340 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08224-56217 FENCHUGONJ BRANCH Address: Samad Plaza, Fenchugonj Bazar, Sylhet. Phone: 08226-56290 ,08226-56163. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08226-56162 GOALABAZAR BRANCH Address: Abdul Karim Mansion, South Goalabazar, Osmaninagar, Sylhet. Phone: 08242-56255, 08242-56256,01730-735341 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08242-56254 GOLAPGONJ BRANCH Address: Noor Mansion, Golapgonj, Sylhet. Phone: 08227-56461, 08227-56462, 01730-097268 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08227-56463MOULVI BAZAR BRANCHAddress: Al-Aksha Shopping Centre,Kusumbag Area, Moulvibazar. Phone: 0861-63007,63008, 01714-167459 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0861-63009 NOBIGONJ BRANCH Address: Bangla Tower, Sherpur Road, Nobigonj, Hobigonj. Phone: 08328-56526,01730-001240 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 08328-56528SYLHET BRANCH Address: Al-Hamra Shopping City, Zinda Bazar, Sylhet. Phone: 0821-724413, 0821-2831208, 01714-001964 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 880-821-725070 Khulna Division KHULNA BRANCH Address: A. Hossain Plaza 4, Sir Iqbal Road, Khulna. Phone: 041-2831470-2, 01730-018183Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 041-2831473JESSORE BRANCH Address: 37, M. K. Road, Jessore. Phone: 0421 – 67980-2, 01713-400273. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0421-67983 KUSHTIA BRANCH Address: Rajob Ali Market, 152, N. S. Road, Kushtia. Phone: 071-71625, 73866, 71526. Email: [e mail  protected] com Fax: 071-61158BARISAL BRANCH Address: 105, Nasim Biswash Lane, Sadar Road, Barisal. Phone: 0431-2177080,2177081,01714-178882. Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0431-63767 DINAJPUR BRANCH Address: Northern Plaza, Goneshtola, Dinajpur. Phone: +880-531-61880, Email: [email  protected] comFax: +880-531-61770. RANGPUR BRANCH Address: 268, Shah Amanat Shopping Complex, Jahaj Company More, Station Road, Rangpur. Phone: 0521 -61214, 0521- 61215 Email: [email  protected] com Fax: 0521 -61214 Chapter 04 Theoretical Aspect of Credit Management and Credit Policy 4. 1 Definition of Credit Policy Policy entails projected course of action. EXIM Bank has its own policy granting credit although credit is always a matter of judgment applying common sense in the light of one’s experience. A sound credit policy includes among other things safety of funds invested vis-a-vis profitability of the bank.Encouraging maximum number of small loans is better than concentrati on in a particular type of advances, which ensures sufficient liquidity with least incidence of bad debts. It has to be borne in mind that a good loan allowed to a properly selected borrower is half collected. In order to make a good loan there should have a good loan policy. 4. 1. 2Purposes of Credit Policy There are some objectives behind a written credit policy of Uttara Bank that are as follows: ? To provide a guideline for giving loan. ?Prompt response to the customer need. ?Shorten the procedure of giving loan. Reduce the volume of work from top level management. ?Delegation of authority of work from top level of management. ?To check and balance the operational activities 4. 1. 3 Formulation of a Credit Policy One of questions that should arise in a discussion of credit is who should formulate the policy. Although the ultimate responsibilities lay at the highest level in the organization i. e. the board of directors. Yet the actual drafting shall have to be done by the senior lending office in consultations with the chief executive officer and with contribution from senior officers, associates and subordinates.Obviously the level of origin will vary with the size and structure of the organization. The matter then referred to the board for approval after careful examination consideration and discussion. 4. 1. 4 Essential Components of a Sound Credit Policy There can be some variations based on the needs of a particular organization, but at least the following areas should be covered in any comprehensive statement of credit policy and EXIM Bank’s policy also covers these areas: 1.Legal consideration: The bank’s legal lending limit and other constraints should be set forth to avoid inadvertent violation of banking regulations. 2. Delegation of authority: Each individual authorized to extend credit should know precisely how much and under what conditions he or she may commit the bank’s funds. These authorities should be approved, at lea st annually, by written resolution of the board of directors and kept current at all times. 3. Types of credit extension: One of the most substances parts of a loan is a delineation of which types of loans are acceptable and which type are not. . Pricing: In any profit motivated endeavor, the price to be charged for the goods or services rendered is of paramount without it, individuals have few guidelines for quoting retag or fees, and the variations resulting from human nature will be a source of customer dissatisfaction. 5. Market Area: Each bank should establish its proper market area, based upon, among other things, the size and sophistication of its organization its capital standpoint, defining one’s market area is probably more important in the lending function than in any other aspect of banking. 6.Loan Standard: This is a definition of the types of credit to be expended, wherein the qualitative standards for acceptable loans are set forth. 7. Credit Granting procedure s: This subject may be covered in separate manual, and usually is in larger banks. At any rate, it should not be overlooked because proper procedures are essential in loan establishing policy and standards. Without proper procedure for granting credit and constant policing to ensure that these procedures are meticulous carried out, the best conceived loan policy will not function and inevitable, problems will develop. 4. 1. 5 Lending GuidelinesAs the bank has a rate of non-performing loans. Banks risk taking applied should be contained and our focus should be to maintain a credit portfolio keeping in mind of bank’s capital adequacy and recovery strength. Thus bank’s strategy will be invigorating loan processing steps including identifying , measuring , containing risks as well as maintaining a balance portfolio through minimizing loan concentration , encouraging loan diversification , expanding product range , streamlining security , insurance etc. as buffer again unex pected cash flow . 4. 1. 6 Focus on Industry and Business SegmentIndustry segment focuses on Textile, Pharmaceuticals, Agro-based, Food and allied, Telecommunication, Power generation and distribution, Health care, Entertainment Services, Chemicals, Transport, Infrastructure development, Linkage industry, Information technology, Ceramics, Others as decided from tome to time. And business segment focuses on Distribution, Brick field, Rice mill/ flour mill/ oil mill, Work order, Yarn trading, Cloth merchant, Industrial spares, Hardware, Electronic and electrical goods, Construction materials, Fish trading, Grocery, Wholesale/ retail, Others as dedicated from time to time . 1. 7 Types of Credit Facilities: Bank will go for ?Term financing for new project had BMRE of existing projects (large, medium, SME). ?Working capital for industries, trading services and others (large, medium, SME). ?Trade finance for import and export ?Lease finance ?Small loan for traders, micro enterprise and ot her productive small venture. ?Consumer finance ?Fee business 4. 2 Credit Management As EXIM bank is providing credit facility out of its total available funds, it has to manage these credits very efficiently.An efficient credit management system comprises many things and this cover the pre-sanction activities to post-sanction activities. Credit management is important as it helps the banks and financial institutions to understand various dimensions of risk involved in different credit transactions. At the pre-sanction stage, credit management helps the sanctioning authority to decide whether to lend or not to lend, what should be the loan price, what should be the extent of exposure, what should be the appropriate credit facility, what are the various facilities, what are the various risk mitigation tools to put a cap on the risk level.At the post-sanctioning stage, the bank can decide about the depth of the review of renewal, frequency of review, periodicity of the grading, and ot her precautions to be taken. Having considered the significance of credit risk, it becomes imperative for the banking system to carefully develop credit management. For this reason, the bank is maintaining a division which is well-known as credit division. 4. 2. 1 Process of Credit ManagementCredit Management Policy for any commercial bank must have been prepared in accordance with the Policy Guidelines of Bangladesh Bank’s Focus Group on Credit and Risk Management with some changes to meet particular bank’s internal needs. Credit management must be organized in such a process that the bank can minimize its losses for payment of expected dividend to the shareholders. The purpose of this process is to provide directional guidelines that will improve the risk management culture, establish minimum standards for segregation of duties and responsibilities, and assist in the ongoing improvement of concerned bank.The guidelines for credit management may be organized into the following sections: 4. 2. 2Policy guidelines a. Lending guidelines b. Credit assessment and risk grading c. Approval authority d. Segregation of duties e. Internal control and compliance 4. 2. 3 Program guidelines a. Approval process b. Credit administration c. Credit monitoring d. Credit recovery Now the guidelines are discussed in the following: 4. 2. 4 Policy guidelines a. Lending guidelines: The lending guidelines include the following: ? Industry and Business Segment Focus Types of loan facilities ? Single borrowers/ group limits/ syndication ? Lending caps ? Discouraged business types As a minimum, the followings are discouraged: oMilitary equipment/ weapons finance oHighly leveraged transactions oFinance of speculative investments oLogging, mineral extraction/ mining, or other activity that is ethically or environmentally sensitive oLending to companies listed on CIB black list or known oCounter parties in countries subject to UN sanctions oLending to holding companies. b. Cr edit Assessment and Risk Grading:A thorough credit and risk assessment should be conducted prior to the granting of loans, and at least annually thereafter for all facilities. Credit Applications should summaries the results of the risk assessment and include, as a minimum, the following details: ? Environment or social risk inputs ?Amount and type of loan (s) proposed ?Purpose of loans ?Loan structure ( tenor, covenants, repayment schedule, interest) ? Security arrangement ?Any other risk or issue ?Risk triggers and action plan-condition prudent, etc.Risk is graded as per Lending Risk Analysis (LRA), Bangladesh Bank’s Guidelines of classification of loans and advances. c. Approval Authority: Approval authority may be as the following: ? Credit approval authority has been delegated to Branch Manager, Credit Committee by the MD/ Board ? Delegated approval authorities shall be reviewed annually by MD/ Board. MD/ Board: ?Approvals must be evidenced in writing. Approval records m ust be kept on file with credit application ? The aggregate exposure to any borrower or borrowing group must be used to determine the approval authority required. Any credit proposal that does not comply with Lending Guidelines, regardless of amount, should be referred to Head Office for approval. d. Segregation of Duties: Banks should aim at segregating the following lending function: ? Credit approval/ risk management ?Relationship management/ marketing ?Credit administration e. Internal Control and Compliance: Banks must have a segregated internal audit/ control department charged with conducting audits of all branches. 4. 2. 5 Program guidelines a. Approval process: The following diagram illustrates an example of the approval process: b. b.Cre

Barack Obama Impact on the American Society Essay

Barack Obama Impact on the American Society - Essay Example As such, the â€Å"Nigrescence Model,† a model for the acquisition of Black identity created by William E. Cross Jr., does not quite fit his life, and in some ways his life shows that the Nigrescence model is something of an over-simplification. While he does identifiably go through every stage of the Nigrescence model, Barack Obama demonstrates that this model is also an incredible over-simplification of African American life. Barack Obama’s experience of racial identity though his early life mirrors aspects of Cross’s Nigrescence model relatively closely. He clearly experienced stage one, the â€Å"Pre-experience† stage, wherein a person is not quite aware of the existence or importance of racial identity. He discusses how when he was a child, he â€Å"barely registered† the fact that his â€Å"father looked nothing like the people around [him] – that he was as black as pitch† (Obama, 10). At this very early stage of his childhood he was barely cognizant of skin color, much less race as a social construct and what the difference between his mother’s skin â€Å"white as milk† and his father’s â€Å"black as pitch† skin could mean (10). This clearly represents the first stage of Nigresence as described by Cross’s model. ... ant to take on identifying features of ‘blackness.’ He said that his white friends â€Å"treated us [Obama and a black friend named Ray] any differently from how they treated each other† (82). In this passage Obama clearly shows both that he is aware of his race and that he understands it is supposed to have identifying features. Following that, however, things get more complicated. In the third stage of Nigresence a person is supposed to take on the identifying elements of his or her race, and Obama did show that he did this to some degree. He talks about enacting a â€Å"bad-assed nigger pose† around his white friends, but also thinks that maybe he should â€Å"give it a rest† because his friends seemed to treat him no differently because of his race (82). Barack, as a bi-racial person, was trying to acquire and enact two different sets of racial identities, two â€Å"worlds that each possessed their own language and customs and greetings† b ut that he hoped would â€Å"eventually cohere† (82). So even though Obama did enact elements of the third stage, even though he was consciously aware of the performative aspects of them, he also was in the fourth stage simultaneously. In the fourth stage someone is supposed to break out of their individual group and start noticing characteristics of other groups, and start to take on the ones that suit one’s personality. Obama never had the luxury of purely immersing himself in one group, because he was always â€Å"suspect† to both white and black friends; he would sometimes feel too white for black people and too black for white people. He clearly spent a long time struggling with his own race and identity, but more often with what perceptions of his race and identity meant to others. By the close of Dreams from my Father,

Substandard Prenatal Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Substandard Prenatal Care - Essay Example Both Latin America and Mexico are developing nations that have a modern economy that is encompassed in a rural peasant population. Mexico and Latin America are influenced by the forces of economics, politics, and cultural traditions that contribute to a rate of pregnancy problems and infant mortality that significantly exceeds their neighbors in North America. The issue of prenatal care is an issue that has several relevant aspects. It is a woman's issue, and as such has suffered from gender bias that has pervaded the hemisphere due to the impact of religion and its view of women. As with other women's issues, such as breast cancer, funding for prenatal care is often diminished by the male dominated power structure. However, prenatal care is not merely a women's issue as it impacts males and female alike and is an integral part of a healthy family. In the 21st century, prenatal care has become an issue of basic human rights. It addresses the most fundamental units of society (the children) that are incapable of deciding or acting for themselves. Adequate prenatal care is a broad based program that not only delivers a healthy child at birth, but also addresses the needs of the pregnant woman, her nutrition, mental health, and delivery safety. It should include "Safe and clean delivery, early detection and management of sexually transmitted diseases, infections and complications during pregnancy and delivery and taking into account the physiological needs of the newborn baby" (World Health Organization 25). When these interventions are accessible, affordable, and offered to pregnant women, they can have a substantial effect on improving the health of the newborn child and mother. There has been some increased international focus on this issue as it has been recognized that "the vast majority of infant and maternal deaths and disabilities are preventable through high quality care, detection and efficient referral for complications, and access to the essential elements of obstetric care when needed" (Glei, Goldman, and Rodrigue z 3). While these initiatives are helpful, they are impeded by competing social, cultural, and economic factors. The forces that influence the delivery of adequate prenatal care have particularly impacted Latin America and Mexico, our neighbors to the South. Economics, culture, and politics have all taken a toll on this region in regards to health care. While the external influences of diet and the environment contribute to infant mortality, "maternal mortality is almost wholly attributable to a lack of-or poor quality- prenatal, delivery, and puerperal care" (Casas, Dachs, and Bambas 27). These services are difficult for many women to attain due to cultural traditions that have subjugated women and an economic system that has placed prenatal care out of the reach of the masses in this region. Inequalities based on wealth are one of the biggest obstacles that women in the lower economic classes face. In Mexico, less than 10 percent of all the babies born to the lower economic classes are born in a hospital, but this number rises to 90 percent for the upper economic municipalities (Casas, Dachs, and Bambas 31). Countries in Latin America have mediated this figure by mandating a goal of 80 percent of all deliveries be attended by a skilled professional,

Law case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law case - Essay Example However, when Freddy arrived he found that there was only a selection of 35 records available. He there upon informed Richard, the manager of the Red Lion, that he could not perform under these circumstances and left the pub immediately. Richard was furious, he told Bill to leave the equipment set up and began telephoning around to find another DJ. He eventually found a DJ called Sally who agreed to perform at that Red Lion for  £150-00. Richard agreed to pay this fee; but when she arrived she found that Bill had taken down all the equipment and had gone home shortly having done so. Richard was forced to pay two local boys  £35 each to set up the equipment for Sally. Freddy and Bill are demanding their fees of  £60 and  £20 from the Red Lion Club. Richard has refused to pay them and is threatening legal action by the Red Lion which is an incorporated company against Freddy for Breach of Contract. In the above, it is necessary to discuss whether either party can sustain a claim for breach of contract. In order to do this it is necessary to discuss the formation of a contract and the issue of privity of contract with regard to any potential claim Bill might have. From this is should be possible to advise the parties with regard to any monies they might be entitled to. The formation of a contract requires there to be an offer1, followed by acceptance2, and then consideration. If all three elements are present the court will generally rule that the contract has been fully constituted. In the above, the contract has been created between Richard and Freddy, with Freddy offering the services of Bill to assemble the equipment, and Richard acting on behalf of the Red Lion Club. When considering privity of contract it is important to note in this case that privity exists between Richard and Freddy. Privity can be horizontal or vertical. Horizontal privity would occur in the case of Bill as he will be getting the benefits from the contract made between

Role of Public Administrators to Interpret the Constitution and Research Paper

Role of Public Administrators to Interpret the Constitution and Develop New Laws as Pertains to Same Sex Marriages - Research Paper Example The constitution is the supreme document of a State and incase of conflict between two statutes, the ruling of the constitution prevails. Public administrators have a role as pertains to same sex marriage since they are individuals bestowed with the responsibility of enacting laws as pertains to various issues facing the State. With this insight, this research paper will be aimed at delineating the role of public administrators to interpret the constitution so as to develop new laws specifically to the issue of same sex marriages (McVeigh, & Diaz, 2009). Outline of Importance of the Issue to Public Administrators Technology has led to the invention of surgeries and discoveries as pertains to the sexuality of individuals. Moreover, the constitution and the rights of individuals illuminate into the notion that there is freedom of expression hence association of individuals of the same sex. This has led to the performance of surgeries aimed at changing the sexual orientation of an indiv idual and hence judicial challenge as pertains to the legalization of same sex marriages. It is important for the public administrators to be involved in such issues as same sex marriages since they are bestowed with the responsibility of enacting laws that regulate a State. ... Public administrators need to be involved in defining the society and avoiding issues that may hamper the inviolability and cause apprehension; same sex marriage is such an issue that needs to be addressed (McVeigh, & Diaz, 2009). SECTION 2: BACKGROUND INFORMATION History of the Issue and Current Trends Decades have witnessed the trial to redefine marriage by incorporating same sex marriage into law. This however has not yet been achieved and has translated to enormous failure to religious attachment to the sanctity of marriage. This has been witnessed by individuals who have gone surgically restructuring of their sexual identity and their change of sexual orientation was disapproved by the court system. However, it was in 1993 in Hawaii that the issue of same sex marriage began being given much thought by the court system. This resulted from the reinterpretation of the constitution that as pertains to the privacy, protection, and privileges that is accorded to citizens of a State. T his was aimed at re-evaluating the statute that was applied as pertained to marriages between individuals of the same sex (McVeigh, & Diaz, 2009). This was the first uprising in support of marriages between individuals of the same sex and was followed by an Alaska court in 1998 and a Vermont court in 1999. The attempts in these two courts were both aimed at inculcating marriages among individuals of the same sex into the marriage statues. The Hawaii judicial uprising led to unrest in the country as pertained to the constitutionality of marriage among individuals of the same sex. The federal government in an attempt to quell the situation adopted DOMA (Defense of Marriage Act) which was aimed at encouraging the States to amend their constitutions and hence protect the customary

Unit 3 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Unit 3 Discussion Board - Essay Example The performance measurement systems therefore within nursing homes relied more on the assumption that the â€Å"facility performance contribute heavily towards individual’s performance†. (Phillips, Shen, Chen, & Sherman, 2007) However, there are various indicators which contribute towards the overall performance of the nursing homes. Many researchers believe that the key indicator of the performance of the homes is residents’ outcomes. (IOM, 1986). Apart from that the facility’s compliance with the regulations such as compliance with standards, conditions of participation etc are other standards which are considered as key behind the measurement of the performance of the nursing facilities. However, there is other general criterion also which are typically being used to measure the performance of the health care services. Specifically consumer satisfaction is considered as the main driver of the value for health care services because it is believed that consumer satisfaction derives the administrative efficiencies of these facilities and both the variables have strong correlation between them however, generally, the characteristics of providers and hospitals, the interaction between the patients and the providers as well as the overall outcome of that process are the basics of evaluating the overall performance of the nursing care homes. One of the most important barriers in performance evaluation of those nursing homes is the fact evaluating the performance is multidimensional in nature and there is no single measure of the performance evaluation. Further these homes are also under the regulation of the government which may force them to maintain quality standards which may not directly relate to the value generating capabilities of the homes. This therefore diverts the resources of those homes to activities which could otherwise have been used in improving the performance standards. Phillips, C. D., Hawes, C., Lieberman, T., &

Disaster Management in Water Science Speech or Presentation

Disaster Management in Water Science - Speech or Presentation Example Furthermore, the water that has been tested from the treatment facilities show that the existing water is contaminated as it contains a lot of foreign traces of dirt which makes it unfit for human consumption. This is a major disaster that has engulfed the entire community which further contradicts the fact that ample clean water supply is essential for consumption. It is the duty of the county to ensure that clean and safe water is available for all people and animals. Dirty water bears the risk of causing numerous diseases such as typhoid, dysentery, hepatitis among others hence this calls for water treatment (Mwenda, 1999).I intend to inform the public in general on the importance of treating water before using it for various purposes such as cooking, drinking just to mention. According to Agnes (2000), she notes that that are several ways of treating water and none of them is perfect. She further argues that the best option is to combine several methods together so as to achieve desirable results. On the other hand, most microbes are killed as a result of water treatment but contaminants for instance salts, heavy metals and some chemicals are not removed (Molo, 2003). It is advisable to let all suspensions in water to settle down before one starts water treatment. Boiling water is considered to be one of the safest meth

Needs Assessment for Quality Improvement Assignment

Needs Assessment for Quality Improvement - Assignment Example However, school board's authority is limited to official meetings. Before discussing the quality and need for improving it in Tulsa Public School District, it is important to see its significant strategic plan factors. "We will provide quality learning experiences for every student, every day, without exception with the essential skills needed for academic growth, lifelong learning and personal character." (Official Website) Vision of this school system is very simple and clear. "The District of Choice, by providing quality education through high expectations for ALL"; this clearly shows that the top level management of this organization strives hard and makes policies which may make this school as everyone's only choice in the coming future. School makes appropriate policies to achieve its above stated vision for the future in order to gain a distinct advantage over its competitive forces. Each school community will demonstrate exceptional parent/guardian involvement and support through 100% membership in its parent/guardian association, and the District will triple its Partner-In-Education agreement with community, businesses, institutions, organizations and agencies. For Tulsa Public School District, values govern th... Each school will have 100% membership in its parent/guardian association, and the district will have 1,350 Partners-In-Education agreements. Each school community will demonstrate exceptional parent/guardian involvement and support through 100% membership in its parent/guardian association, and the District will triple its Partner-In-Education agreement with community, businesses, institutions, organizations and agencies. All employees will be highly qualified and choose to work for TPS. All employees will be highly qualified in their positions and CHOOSE to remain with Tulsa Public Schools. TPS will win the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. These above stated goals have been defined by the top level management i.e. board members of the school system to successfully address their vision of 2010. Strategic Objectives: Build a connected learning community& broaden productive partnerships, services, & student outreach in order to meet the needs of existing & incoming students Integrate key learning programs across curriculum Empower & affirm staff as they provide dedicated service & enhance teaching & learning opportunities for the 21st century student Maintain & deploy quality management system, campus upgrades, safety requirements & aligned structure Develop new or expanded funding opportunities, including endowments, in order to meet fiscal responsibilities and budget goals Values: For Tulsa Public School District, values govern the function of its dealing and its demeanor or associations with Oklahoma's society at great level, internal and external customers, employees, local community and other stakeholders. Management by Fact: "within a

Labour Law Group Project ( ADCO ) + WorkSheet + Case Study Assignment

Labour Law Group Project ( ADCO ) + WorkSheet + Case Study - Assignment Example ployment contract with no ‘Probation Period’ but 30 days annual leave, monthly salary of aed 35,000 Free Accommodation and Annual Tickets for Bob, his wife and 2 kids. First of all, ASCONCO must deal with the immigration authorities and ensure that they secure a valid permit for Bob to stay and work in the UAE. After that, the contract ought to be in writing and it must show the commencement date of Bob’s employment and termination date, which will be 3 years from the current period. The wages payable, which is AED 35,000 and other benefits including accommodation and ticket must be stated on the face of the contract. The nature of contract, which is a fixed contract must be disclosed. This will also include the nature of work to be carried out by Bob, the duration and location of employment. This should be signed by Bob and a representative of ASCONCO, which could be Abulaziz or a person in a sufficiently high position and lodged with the labour office at the Ministry. They could fill out a standard form which will be in English or Arabic which is available at the Ministry. However, if they draft their own agreement which has terms they have prescribed, (1) the terms must not be contrary to UAE laws, particularly the Labour Law and it must be in Arabic only before being filed at the labour office. Once this is done, the contract between ASCONCO and Bob is valid. Abulaziz will not need to make an immigration application in the name of ASCONCO for Bob. He will also not need to put the employment contract in writing. This means that he can orally tell Noura that she is hired and there will be a valid employment contract. In terms of enforceability, forms of employment that are not written ought to be in a form that can be proven. Therefore, Noura will need to show evidence of her employment and all the relevant features including remuneration and other terms of the employment. However, the key difference is that it could be unwritten whilst Bob’s contract

Competition in American Elections Essay Example for Free

Competition in American Elections Essay Elections are a crucial element of representative democracy. They are the direct link between citizens and their representatives in government: if the public approves of their elected officials’ actions, they continue to vote them back into office; if the public doesn’t like how things are going in the government, they vote for other candidates with different ideas. The electorate has to have this choice between candidates in order to effectively express their preferences. However, if the incumbent or incumbent party seems certain to win, a vote for a new candidate would be of little value: the election is not competitive; therefore, the public is hindered from voting into office a candidate that represents their true interests. It is therefore essential to examine the true meaning of what makes an election competitive and to determine whether American elections of various types adhere to this requirement. The literature competitiveness in elections is extensive, but all definitions more or less come down to the question of whether or not someone other than the winner might have won (had circumstances been different, had the opposition campaigned more effectively, had the public been more welcoming to the opposition’s ideas, etc.). A very minimalistic definition of a competitive election is given by Hyde and Marinov (2012) in the form of three criteria: â€Å"opposition is allowed, multiple parties are legal, and more than one candidate competes† (p. 192). Five requirements for determining if an election was competitive are given by Janowitz and Marvin (1955-1956): high levels of participation, political self-confidence and self-interest among the citizenry, effective public deliberation, a media not monopolized by one particular side, and campaigns operating mostly independently of the mass media (pp. 384-393). These criteria are meant to measure the degree to which the election represented a â€Å"process of consent† rather than a â€Å"process of manipulation†. Buchler (2007) defines competitive elections as those in which the candidates have about an equal chance of winning, or when their vote shares are about the sameso, the more the two-party vote for the winning candidate approaches 50%, the more competitive the election is. In their study on the effects of competition on legislator performance, Koninsky and Ueda (2011) define a competitive election as one in which the winner earned 90% or more of the two-party vote (p. 201), whereas Niemi et al. (2006) define competitive elections as those in which the winner received at least 60% of the two-party vote (cited in Koninsky and Ueda, p. 201). Such strictly defined, outcome-based requirements for electoral competitiveness have been criticized for being more or less arbitrary (Buchler, p. 336); however, for the purpose of this paper, such definitions are the most practical choice. The minimalistic definition of Hyde and Marinov is in fact too minimalistic for an examination of electoral competitiveness in America, where an open and democratic political process is an integral aspect of the Constitution itself. Janowitz and Marvins definition will be excluded for practical purposes because while the criteria to allow for analysis of electoral competitiveness pre-election, and therefore do not count as uncompetitive elections in which the opposition simply wasn’t strong enough, this method is much more suited to an in-depth study of a single election rather than a comparison between multiple election years and types because of the normative questions involved (the researchers in question used this method to examine the 1952 presidential election). While strictly statistical, outcome-based definitions of competitiveness are perhaps arbitrarily defined, they are simple and useful in studying electoral competitiveness over long periods. To avoid restraining myself to one statistic, I consider both the 60% requirement proposed by Niemi et al. and the 90% requirement used by Koninsky and Ueda. In order to study competition in presidential elections, I have compiled both the popular vote and Electoral College vote for the presidential elections since 1980. I only included data from the two candidates who received the most votes. I then calculated the percentage of the two-party vote (popular and Electoral College) received by each candidate. The percentage of the two-party popular vote received by any given winner of the presidency never exceeded 60%, and can, therefore, be considered competitive by both the 60% and 90% requirements. However, the results of the two-party Electoral College vote were not always so close. In fact, in seven out of the ten presidential elections held in the past 37 years, the percent of the two-party vote in the Electoral College received by the winning candidate exceeded 60%, and in two of these elections, this percentage exceeded 90%. Therefore, by our most strict definition of a competitive election, most presidential elections in the past th irty-seven years have not been competitive if we use the data provided by the Electoral College votes. This could suggest that the structure of America’s presidential elections (i.e., indirect vote via the Electoral College) compromises the competitiveness of our elections, as all the presidential elections examined were found to be competitive in the popular vote, but the Electoral College votewhich is, in fact, the deciding factor in who will become Presidentwas found to be uncompetitive in most cases. It is clear that the Electoral College does extrapolate the margin of victory of the winner, most clearly evidenced by the elections of 1980 and 1984, when Reagan was elected with a two-party popular vote of 55% and 59%, respectively, but by a 91% and 98% two-party vote in the Electoral College (Woolley and Gerhard 2017). I have employed the same method used for presidential elections to measure competitiveness in statewide elections in Missouri (Governor and United States Senator elections) and the district-based Missouri United States Representative elections (except that the Electoral College factor was not applicable). I have used the past five elections for each type of election; therefore I have gone back to 2000 for the Governor election data, to 2004 for the U.S. Senator data, and to 2008 for the U.S. Representative data. The elections for Missouri governors and U.S. Senators all fall within the 60% requirement off competitiveness. However, the U.S. House elections rarely satisfy this requirement (one out of eight districts in 2014, three out of nine districts in 2010, and one out of nine districts in 2008 had a two-party vote of less than 60% for the winner). None of the elections ever had a two-party vote that exceeded 90%, so these elections are competitive by Koninsky and Ueda’s req uirement (Ashcroft 2017, â€Å"Missouri Election Results† and â€Å"Previous Elections†). However, the disparity is obvious: while U.S. Representative elections are still competitive by the 90% test, they are generally nowhere near as competitive as state Governor, U.S. Senator, or presidential elections. This most likely arises as a result of gerrymandering, defined by Lowi et al. (2017) as the practice of drawing district maps that favor one party or the other based on the partisan makeup of different regions (p. 198). This practice reduces the competitiveness of districts so that the party that drew the map will have certain victory in most districts while allowing their opponents to win in a handful of districts where their party has the clear majority. For statewide and nationwide elections, this is not an option, but for district-based elections, gerrymandering is common practice. In response to a lack of competition in district-based elections, many propose intentionally drawing electoral districts to narrow the margin of victory and encourage more robust competition. There are many reasons to advocate for increased competition. As previously mentioned, the electorate cannot express its true preferences if election results are more or less determined in advance. According to Lowi et al., competition among politicians incentivizes them to reveal more information about themselves and about the other candidates, which in turn makes citizens more apt to pick the candidates that best represent their interests (p. 428). The threat of competition incentivizes elected officials to steer clear of corrupt practices and to remain responsive to their constituency to ensure re-election (Brunell and Clarke 2012, p. 124). This same threat also means that officials elected in competitive elections are more active lawmakers (Koninsky and Ueda, p. 199). And according to Huckfe ldt et al. (2007), while electoral competitiveness does not seem to produce any direct effect on turnout, it still has an indirect effect in that parties and candidates put more campaign effort into competitive elections, which in turn encourages higher turnout (p. 809). Indeed, the word â€Å"competition† often has a very positive connotation in American culture. This is natural, as it is the founding block of the free market system which our country has embraced possibly more than any other country. It may, therefore, come as a surprise that not all scholars advocate competition in the electoral sphere. A fairly intuitive, though the easily disregarded aspect of competition in elections is that as the margin of victory decreases, the number of people who voted for losing candidates increases. Brunell and Clarke argue that these people are more dissatisfied with the outcome of the election and feel that their interests are not being represented in government (p. 125). A study conducted by Bowler and Donovan (2011) suggests that increased competition leads to dissatisfaction in the electorate because people dislike being exposed to politics (p. 159). Janowitz and Marvin argue that high levels of competition divide the electorate and disintegra te more moderate, compromise-oriented groups (p. 400). It would seem that competitive elections, while allowing the public to hold elected officials accountable to their constituents, also lead to less happy constituents in general. Buchler goes on to point out that in order to draw competitive districts, the actual partisan makeup of the electorate must be disregarded, and a smaller margin of victory increases the chances of an error in the declared winner (pp. 333, 336). So when we draw districts to be more competitive, we may end up with representatives who do not actually represent the people to any significant degree. While the arguments for and against electoral competition seem valid, it is important to distinguish which definition of â€Å"competitive† we are actually working with. For example, while the 60% requirement proposed by Niemi et al. judges that nearly all U.S. House elections in Missouri were non-competitive, the more minimalistic model proposed by Hyde and Marinov would classify all of the elections studied in this paper as competitive simply because they were truly democratic elections. At the same time, the broadest definition of a competitive election used, the 90% definition proposed by Koninsky and Ueda, would define nearly all of the elections studied as competitive. I doubt that those who wish for less electoral competition because of its divisive effect on the electorate would suggest that the two-party vote for the winning candidate must exceed 90% every time, just to keep people happy. The obvious gerrymandering that takes place in redistricting maps is not to be t aken lightly, but the solution is not necessarily an effort to draw more competitive districts. As Buchler (2005, cited in Buchler 2007) argues, an unbiased map is the best way to ensure true representation of the citizens of a given region, even if the map is, in fact, uncompetitive (p. 333). Perhaps this is what we should really be working towards the true ideological representationrather than the potentially random results that come from toss-up districts.

Analysis of three sun articles on the execution of Robert Harris Essay Example for Free

Analysis of three sun articles on the execution of Robert Harris Essay These three articles printed in the sun newspaper in 1992,approach the execution of Robert Harris in very different ways . The articles have chosen to cover different parts of the Robert Harris case. Article 1 is focused on the way Robert Harris died and the T. V reporter Michael tuck giving a graphic description of the execution and the build up to it . The second article is about he nuns including Mother Teresa who tried to turn the decision around so Harriss life could be spared. Article three gives a description of where and how the victims were murdered and what how the parents felt and thought of Harriss execution. The first article explains and describes what happened to Robert Harris. It starts with a detailed description of Harriss execution. Gurgled and gasped as cyanide gas choked the life from him. This has been written as the second sentence to give an immediate impact of disgust and it plays with your emotions and it makes you more interested and you want to read on. Once the writer has got the readers attention, he then goes to the lead up to the execution. The first article is very against the death penalty as when it talks about the execution was reprieved twice before he was finally gassed, the article tries to make you feel sorry for Harris. Michael Tuck describes the execution as grisly and not a humane way to die and in this he is confirming that he is against the anti-death penalty. Alternatively, article three is not against the anti-death penalty. It starts off with Harriss victims parents, giving there opinion on Harriss execution. One of the victims farther said I have no time for do-gooders who says that he should be spared look what he did to my son. Am I supposed to erase the memory, the pain of that. This is trying to make you feel sorry for the parents of the victims and it is trying to persuade the reader that capital punishment is good. Article two is set out in a bold headline, which reads NUNS MERCY BID and under the headline is a small paragraph. It mentions Mother Teresa Name to give a sort of good feeling to the article because Mother Teresa well know personality of being warm, nice and a gentle person and it says that she appealed to a California governor Pete Wilson to spare Harriss life this sort of makes you feel that if Mother Teresa is trying to safe his life then she must be doing the right thing and Harriss life should be spared. It says in the article that there were loads of anti-death sentence campaigners who urged for the killer not to be killed. This is a fact that many people wanted Harris to live and theres evidence of Mother Teresa point of view. Theres a couple of lines in this article that say that Harris had alcoholic parents and he was fifth of nine children terrorised by there farther. His lawyers said that he may have been brain damaged by a beating at the age of two. This could make the reader feel sorry for Harris and its not fair for Harris to be killed in this way but there no evidence that the article is true. The visual presentation in the articles plays a very important role. In article one, theres a big picture above the article of two chairs where Harris was probably killed I think that this picture is trying to make you feel sorry for Harris as the picture makes you feel a sort of horrific sense of dying and displays a horrible looking setting in where people are chained to chairs and then are choked with gas and then killed. Beside the picture is TV man watches Harris in gas chamber. This is very emotive language and makes the article more dramatic. In article two there is a photo of a man I think its Harris but it could be a different number of people maybe Michael Tuck watching the execution or is it Harris himself its good as it lets the reader speculate. All three articles are made up of fact an opinion. Article one is mainly made up of opinion it is nearly all Michael Tuck telling the readers what he thought. He said But IF you ask me this is not a clean and humane way to die This is Michael Tuck expressing his opinions on the execution. Article two has got a bit of opinion He said he may have been brain damaged by a beating at the age of two The words may have means that not necessarily true. The only fact in this article is that Mother Teresa fought with other campaigners to spare Harriss life. Article three appears to be a balance of fact and opinion. The first half of the article is mainly opinion. Theres the victims parents saying what they think about Harriss execution. They were out for a fun day fishing when they were executed by this beast. It is the parents opinion that Harris is a Beast. The second half of the article seems to tell more fact, it says how the victims were killed, for the first time across the three articles. But after telling the story theres still opinions added. The grinning Harris calmly ate the boys hamburgers. There is know way that anyone could of none this so this must be opinion. In conclusion all articles have different stories, which all connect together, but as you can see Harris was an evil man as he shot two innocent boys dead for no reason at all. Language used in these articles is effective and ahs been used well to give you a clear picture of how Harris died and how he killed two innocent teenagers. People tried to save him but it didnt work. When all three articles are read separately they create a biased opinion on Harris execution, but when read together you have a balanced account of Harris case.